AMERICAN PUBLIC OPINION AND U.S. FOREIGN POLICY, 1994 (ICPSR 6561) Principal Investigator Chicago Council on Foreign Relations First ICPSR Version March 1996 Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research P.O. Box 1248 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 - BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION Publications based on ICPSR data collections should acknowledge those sources by means of bibliographic citations. To ensure that such source attributions are captured for social science bibliographic utilities, citations must appear in footnotes or in the reference section of publications. The bibliographic citation for this data collection is: Chicago Council on Foreign Relations. AMERICAN PUBLIC OPINION AND U.S. FOREIGN POLICY, 1994 [Computer file]. ICPSR version. Princeton, NJ: The Gallup Organization [producer], 1995. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 1996. REQUEST FOR INFORMATION ON USE OF ICPSR RESOURCES To provide funding agencies with essential information about use of archival resources and to facilitate the exchange of information about ICPSR participants' research activities, users of ICPSR data are requested to send to ICPSR bibliographic citations for each completed manuscript or thesis abstract. Please indicate in a cover letter which data were used. DATA DISCLAIMER The original collector of the data, ICPSR, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for uses of this collection or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses. - DATA COLLECTION DESCRIPTION Chicago Council on Foreign Relations AMERICAN PUBLIC OPINION AND U.S. FOREIGN POLICY, 1994 (ICPSR 6561) SUMMARY: This study is part of a quadrennial series designed to investigate the opinions and attitudes of the general public and a select group of opinion leaders (or elites) on matters relating to foreign policy and to define the parameters of public opinion within which decision-makers must operate. Both general public and elite respondents were questioned regarding the biggest problems facing the United States today, spending levels for various federal government programs, the role of Congress in determining foreign policy, the impact of foreign policy on things such as prices and unemployment, and the Clinton Administration's handling of various problems, such as overall foreign policy, overall trade policy, immigration, and relations with Latin America, Japan, Russia, Cuba, Vietnam, and the Middle East. Other topics include government reactions to situations in Bosnia, North Korea, Haiti, Cuba, Rwanda, and the Middle East, the importance of various countries to America's vital interests, possible threats/adversaries to the United States in coming years, NATO and keeping troops in Western Europe, the military role of Japan and Germany, the economic unification of western Europe, the Israeli-Palestinian dispute, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), and the illegal drug problem. In addition, the elites were asked several questions about their political party affiliation and the strength of that affiliation. Demographic characteristics such as religious preference, marital status, employment status, household composition, education, age, Hispanic origin, race, sex, and income were gathered for the general population respondents only. UNIVERSE: Part 1: All people in positions of leadership in government, academia, business and labor, the media, religious institutions, special interest groups, and private foreign policy organizations. Part 2: Adults, aged 18 years and older, living in the United States, except those persons in institutions such as prisons or hospitals. SAMPLING: Part 1: Census of all opinion leaders defined by the universe. Part 2: National probability sample stratified by size of community and then by geographic region. NOTE: Part 2, General Population Data, contains a weight variable that should be used for all analyses. EXTENT OF COLLECTION: 2 data files + machine-readable documentation (text) EXTENT OF PROCESS: REFORM.DOC DATA FORMAT: Card Image Part 1: Elite Data Part 2: General File Structure: rectangular Population Data Cases: 383 File Structure: rectangular Variables: approx. 150 Cases: 1,492 Record Length: 80 Variables: approx. 375 Records Per Case: 7 Record Length: 80 Records Per Case: 6 Part 3: Codebook for All Parts Record Length: 80 ICPSR PROCESSING NOTE 1. Part 2, the General Population Data, contains some variables which have non-numeric codes. These codes are documented in the codebook with an 'x' and 'y', and appear in the data with codes of '-' instead of 'x' and '&' instead of 'y'. The variables are Question 902, which appears in Card 1, column 33, Question 905, Card 1, columns 38-39, Question 908, Card 1, columns 42-43, Question 913, Card 1, column 57, and Question 914, Card 1, column 59. 2. The original data collection instrument was composed of two forms. Respondents either answered questions in form A or form B. People who received questions from form A will have data in Card 5, column 70, and a blank in card 5, column 71. Those who answered form B will have a blank in card 5, column 70, and have data in card 5, column 71. 3. The weight variable for Part 2, the General Population data, has two implied decimal places. The weight variable appears in card 1, columns 13 through 15. This weight variable incorporates age, sex, education, region and income to ensure that the data reflect the national population. 4. In Part 1, the Elite Data, the ID variable appears in columns 2-6, not 1-4 as described in the data collection instrument. 5. The codebook for this study has five parts: a) The survey introduction and methodology b) Reproductions of show-cards which provide documentation for variables not readily available in the data collection instruments. c) The questionnaire used for the Elite Data file d) The questionnaires used for the General Population Data file, both forms (A and B) e) Coding schemes for open-ended questions 6. Variables which have been "written in" in the codebook (e.g. the z variables appearing in every card, in columns 7-9 and 12-13) are undocumented. ICPSR is releasing this collection as received. Questions arising from the use of this data collection should be addressed to either the principal investigators at the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations, or the data producers at the Gallup Organization. Section 1: Survey Introduction and Methodology TECHNICAL APPENDIX SAMPLE COMPOSITION GENERAL PUBLIC Weighted Percentage % Sex Male 48 Female 52 100 Race White 86 Non-white 14 100 Age 18 - 29 21 30 - 49 43 50 - 64 18 65 and older 19 Undesignated 9 100 Region East 25 Midwest 24 South 31 West 20 100 Weighted Percentage % Occupation of Chief Wage Earner Professional and business 31 Clerical and sales 9 Manual and farm 36 Not employed 2 Undesignated 19 100 Education Less than high school 14 High school 31 Some college 19 College 20 Undesignated 16 100 Annual Household Income Under $15,000 19 $15,000 - $24,999 19 $25,000 - $34,999 17 $35,000 - $49,000 17 $50,000 and over 19 Undesignated 9 100 City Size Central City 32 Suburb 30 Non-SMSA 38 100 Weighted Percentage % Religion Protestant 50 Catholic 26 Jewish 1 Other/None/Undesignated 23 100 Ideology Conservative 38 Middle of the road 36 Liberal 21 Undesignated 5 100 Traveled Outside of U.S. Yes 64 No 36 Undesignated * 100 SAMPLE COMPOSITION OPINION LEADERS Completes % of % of % of % of total total total total 1982 Sample 1986 Sample 1990 Sample 1994 Sample 1. Administration 20 6% 22 6.5% 24 6% 25 6% 2. House of Representatives 20 6% 22 6.5% 28 8% 30 8% 3. Senate 15 5% 21 6.0% 22 6% 22 6% TOTAL GOVERNMENT 55 17% 65 19% 74 20% 77 20% 4. Labor leaders 30 9% 29 9% 32 9% 32 8% 5. Media 50 16% 44 13% 57 15% 58 15% 6. Business leaders 55 17% 62 18% 63 17% 63 17% 7. Educators 50 16% 54 16% 62 16% 64 17% 8. Religious leaders 43 14% 41 12% 47 12% 47 12% 9. Special interest groups 20 6% 21 6% 22 6% 22 6% 10. Private foreign policy groups 16 5% 22 7% 20 5% 20 5% TOTAL 319 100% 338 100% 377 100% 383 100% DESIGN OF THE SAMPLE: GENERAL POPULATION The sampling procedure for this survey was designed to produce an approximation of the adult civilian population, eighteen years and older, living in the United States, except those persons in institutions such as prisons or hospitals. The design of the sample is that of a replicated, probability sample down to the block level in the case of urban areas, and to segments of townships in the case of rural areas. Approximately one hundred and eighty sampling locations were used for this survey. The sample design includes stratification by these seven size-of- community strata, using 1980 Census data: (a) incorporated cities of population 1,000,000 and over; (b) incorporated cities of population 250,000 to 999,999; (c) incorporated cities of population 50,000 to 249,999; (d) urbanized places not included in (a)-(c); (e) cities over 2,500 population outside of urbanized areas; (f) towns and villages with less than 2,500 population; and (g) rural places not included within town boundaries. Each of these strata are further stratified into four geographic regions: East, Midwest, South and West. Within each city size-regional stratum, the population is arrayed in geographic order and zoned into equal sized groups of sampling units. Pairs of localities are selected in each zone, with probability of selection and each locality proportional to its population size in the 1990 census, producing two replicated samples of localities. Separately for each survey, within each subdivision so selected for which block statistics are available, a sample of blocks or block clusters is drawn with probability of selection proportional to the number of dwelling units. In all other subdivisions or areas, blocks or segments are drawn at random or with equal probability. In each cluster of blocks and each segment so selected, a randomly selected starting point is designated on the interviewer's map of the area. Starting at this point, interviewers are required to follow a given direction in the selection of households until their assignment is completed. Interviewing was conducted at times when women, in general, are most likely to be at home, which means on weekends, or if on weekdays, after 4:00 P.M.. Allowance for persons not at home is made by a "times-at-home" weighting* procedure rather than by "call-backs". This procedure is a standard method for reducing the sample bias that would otherwise result from under-representation in the sample of persons who are difficult to find at home. The final sample of completed interviews was weighted to bring the demographic characteristics of the sample (i.e., age, race, education, and region) into alignment with the most recently available estimates of the demographic characteristics of the population of adults. Demographic estimates of this population were taken from the Bureau of the Census Current Population Survey (March, 1988). The sampling and weighting procedures described are designed to allow projection of results to the population of civilian adults eighteen years and older, living in the United States. _____________________ * Politz, A. and Simmons, W., "An Attempt to Get the "Not at Homes" into the Sample without Callbacks", JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION, Volume 44, (March, 1949), pp. 9-31.except for those persons in institutions such as prisons or hospitals. DESIGN OF THE SAMPLE: OPINION LEADERS The opinion leader sample of the Chicago Council's study on foreign relations was designed to replicate opinion leader samples used in previous years. Wherever possible, the directories used for names, and the number of names used for each type of opinion leader modeled the 1990 sample design. The outline below describes each elite sub-sample. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 30 INTERVIEWS with Representatives. All Representatives names were used from a comprehensive Gallup-in-house list. (If the House member was not available the interview was conducted with the legislative assistant responsible for foreign affairs). SENATE 22 INTERVIEWS with Senators. All Representatives names were used from a comprehensive Gallup-in-house list.(If the Senator was not available the interview was selected with the legislative assistant responsible for foreign affairs). ADMINISTRATION 25 INTERVIEWS with assistant secretaries. The following directory was used to select names: 1993 Federal Staff Directory published by Staff Directories, Ltd. Personnel were selected from international offices at the following: The White House Office Office of Management and Budget National Security Office Office of the United States Trade Representative Department of Agriculture Department of Commerce Department of Defense Department of Energy Department of Justice Department of State Department of Transportation Department of the Treasury Agency for International Development Nuclear Regulatory Commission U.S. International Trade Commission Veterans Administration BUSINESS 63 INTERVIEWS were completed with vice presidents in charge of international affairs. The top industrial corporations in the Fortune 500 list were included in the sample frame, and respondents' names were found in the following publication: Corporate Yellow Book, published by Monitor Publishing Company, summer 1993. MEDIA 58 INTERVIEWS with television and radio news directors, network newscasters, newspaper editors and columnists, news magazine editors and columnists. The following publications were used: 1. News Media Yellow Book of Washington and New York, published by Monitor Publishing Company, summer 1993. 2. Editor and publisher International Yearbook 1993, published by Editor and Publisher Company. LABOR LEADERS 32 INTERVIEWS were conducted with presidents of the largest labor unions. The following directory was used to obtain the sample: "Labor Unions, Association, and Federation," Volume 1, part 2, section 15, Encyclopedia of Associations; published by Gale Research Inc., 1990. EDUCATORS 64 INTERVIEWS were conducted with presidents and faculty who teach in the area of foreign affairs from a list of universities used in previous Chicago Council on Foreign Affairs studies. RELIGIOUS LEADERS 47 INTERVIEWS were conducted with religious leaders representing all faiths, proportionate to the number of Americans who worship each faith. The following directory was used to obtain names: Yearbook of American and Canadian Churches, published by Abingdon Press Nashville, 1993. SPECIAL INTEREST GROUPS 22 INTERVIEWS were conducted with a purposively drawn sample of presidents from large special interest groups relevant to foreign policy. The following directory was used to obtain names: National Trade and Professional Associations, published by Columbia Book Inc. 1994. PRIVATE FOREIGN POLICY ORGANIZATIONS 20 INTERVIEWS were conducted with presidents from major private foreign policy organizations. The following directories were used to obtain names: The Capital Source "The Who's Who, What, Where in Washington: Think Tanks", published by the National Journal Inc., Spring 1994. SAMPLING TOLERANCES In interpreting survey results, it should be borne in mind that all sample surveys are subject to sampling error, that is, the extent to which the results may differ from what would be obtained if the whole population had been interviewed. The size of such sampling errors depends largely on the number of interviews. The following tables may be used in estimating the sampling error of any percentage in this report. The computed allowances have taken into account the effect of the sample design upon sampling error. They may be interpreted as indicating the range (plus or minus the figure shown) within which the results of repeated samplings in the same time period could be expected to vary, 95 percent of the time, assuming the same sampling procedures, the same interviewers, and the same questionnaire. The first table shows how much allowance should be made for the sampling error of a percentage: Recommended Allowance for Sampling Error of a Percentage In Percentage Points (at 95 in 100 confidence level)* Sample Size 1662 1300 1000 700 400 100 GENERAL PUBLIC Percentages Near 10 2 2 2 3 4 8 Percentages Near 20 3 3 3 4 5 10 Percentages Near 30 3 3 4 4 6 12 Percentages Near 40 3 3 4 5 6 12 Percentages Near 50 3 4 4 5 6 13 Percentages Near 60 3 3 4 5 6 12 Percentages Near 70 3 3 4 4 6 12 Percentages Near 80 2 3 3 4 5 10 Percentages Near 90 2 2 2 3 4 8 *The chances are 95 in 100 that the sampling error is not larger than the figures shown. The table would be used in the following manner: Let us say a reported percentage is 33 in our sample which includes 1662 respondents. Then we go to row "percentages near 30" in the table and go across to the column headed "1000". The number at this point is 3, which means that the 33 percent obtained in the sample is subject to a sampling error of plus or minus 3 points. Another way of saying it is that very probably (95 chances of 100) the true figure would be somewhere between 30 and 36, with the most likely figure the 33 obtained. Sampling error is less applicable in the opinion leader study, since this study is more or less a census of the nation's opinion leaders. Sampling error tables are provided below, for the opinion leader study, based on the assumption that the study were a pure random sample of a "population" of opinion leaders. Based on this assumption, the sampling error is higher for the opinion leader sample which includes a smaller number of respondents than the general population study. As shown in the table below, if a reported percentage is 33 percent for 380 respondents, the percentage would be interpreted with a sampling error of plus or minus 5 points. Recommended Allowance for Sampling Error of a Percentage In Percentage Points (at 95 in 100 confidence level)* Sample Size 380 300 200 100 50 25 OPINION LEADERS Percentages Near 10 3 3 4 6 8 12 Percentages Near 20 4 5 6 8 11 16 Percentages Near 30 5 5 6 9 13 18 Percentages Near 40 5 6 7 10 14 19 Percentages Near 50 5 6 7 10 14 20 Percentages Near 60 5 6 7 10 14 19 Percentages Near 70 5 5 6 9 13 18 Percentages Near 80 4 5 6 8 11 16 Percentages Near 90 3 3 4 6 8 12 *The chances are 95 in 100 that the sampling error is not larger than the figures shown. In comparing survey results in two samples, such as, for example, men and women, the question arises as to how large a difference between them must be before one can be reasonably sure that it reflects a real difference. In the tables below, the number of points which must be allowed for in such comparisons is indicated. Two tables are provided. One is for percentages near 20 or 80; the other for percentages near 50. For percentages in between, the error to be allowed for is between those shown in the two tables. Recommended Allowance for Sampling Error of the Difference In Percentage Points (at 95 in 100 confidence level)* TABLE A: GENERAL PUBLIC Percentages near 20 and 80 Size of Sample 1660 1300 1000 700 400 100 1660 4 1300 4 4 1000 4 4 5 700 5 5 5 5 400 6 6 6 6 7 100 10 11 11 11 11 14 TABLE B: GENERAL PUBLIC Percentages near 50 and 50 Size of Sample 1660 1300 1000 700 400 100 1660 4 1300 5 5 1000 5 5 6 700 6 6 6 7 400 17 7 8 8 9 100 13 13 13 14 14 18 *The chances are 95 in 100 that the sampling error is not larger than the figures shown. Here is an example of how the tables would be used: Let us say that 50 percent of men responded a certain way and 40 percent of women respond that way also, for a difference of 10 percentage points between them. Can we say with any assurance that the 10-point difference reflects a real difference between men and women on the question? The general population sample contains approximately 700 men and 500 women. Since the percentages are near 50, we consult Table B, and since the two samples are about 700 persons each, we look for the number 7 here. This means that the allowance for error should be 7 points, and that in concluding that the percentage among men is somewhere between 3 and 17 points higher than the percentage among women we should be wrong only about 5 percent of the time. In other words, we can conclude with considerable confidence that a difference exists in the direction observed and that it amounts to at least 3 percentage points. If, in another case, men's responses amount to 22 percent, say, and women's 24 percent, we consult Table A because these percentages are near 20. We look for the number in the column headed 700 and see that it is 5. Obviously, then, the two-point difference is inconclusive. QUESTIONNAIRES Section 2: Data Collection Instrument for Elite Respondents RCI,CCF20528 R528 FIELD FINAL - OCTOBER 25, 1994 AC3738 Project Registration #20-01640-001 x APPROVED BY CLIENT CHICAGO COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS Chicago, Illinois DATE 1994 Elite Study Copyright, The Gallup Organization The Gallup organization INTERVIEWED BY Richard Burkholder/Chris McCarty/ Mary E. Kramer, Specwriter October, 1994 n=377 I.D.#: 0 (1-4) **AREA CODE AND TELEPHONE NUMBER: (32 - 41) **INTERVIEW TIME: ----------------------------------------- (42) (43) **FORM: 1 A 2 B (980) S1. SAMPLE: (Code from call record sheet) 01 Religious leaders (n=47) 02 Business (n=63) 03 Educators-President or Chancellor 04 Educators-Dean or Professor (n=62) 05 Special interest groups (n=22) 06 Private foreign policy groups (n=20) 07 Senators (n=22) 08 House of Representatives (n=28) 09 Administration (n=24) 10 Labor leaders (n=32) 11 Media - newspaper, wire services, magazine or journal editors, etc (n=57) (29) (30) 2 Hello, this is and I am with The Gallup organization in Princeton, New Jersey. Recently (name from call record card) received a letter from George Gallup outlining a very important survey on behalf of the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations. I would like to make an appointment to interview (name from call record card). Could I please speak to (him/her)? 1 Yes, I will connect you - (Skip to S4) 2 Secretary would like to make appointment (Set time for call back before 12-2-94 and record on Contact Sheet) 3 No, not available, and makes own appointments - (Set time for call back and record on Contact Sheet) 4 Respondent is no longer with organization - (Ask to speak with replacement, then Skip to S5) 5 (As a last resort:) Respondent is obviously not ever going to be able to participate in survey (Continue) 6 (Refused) (512) S2. (If code "5" or "6" in "Intro" ask:) I realize that [you are/(name from call record card is] very busy. Could you please refer me to (appropriate substitute from below), who could help us with the study? (If code "01" in S1, say:) the person at the next highest level within your organization or congregation (If code "02" in S1, say:) another person in your company who would be equally involved with international business (If code "03" or "04" in S1, say:) a professor who is equally active in the instruction of American domestic policy, American foreign policy, or international studies (If code "05" or "06" in S1, say:) another senior officer at (name of special interest/foreign policy group from call record card), perhaps a vice- president or a co-director (if code "07" or "08" in S1, say;) (Senator or Representative name from call record card)'s legislative assistant who would be most responsible for foreign affairs (if code "09" in S1, say:) someone within (respondent's name from call record card)'s department, or in another area, who would be equally involved with the Clinton administration's affairs in the area of foreign and domestic policy (If code "10" in S1, say:) another senior officer of the union, perhaps a vice-president or co- director (If code "11", say:) someone else who plays a major role deciding which news stories will be included in your (newspaper/newscast) , preferably someone who is involved with international news 1 Name given (Continue) 2 (Refused) (Thank and Terminate) (513) 4 S3. Please tell me (his/her) name and direct telephone number. (Record on call record sheet NAME: TELEPHONE NUMBER: (INTERVIEWER READ:) If you have access to the letter from George Gallup, perhaps you could pass it along to this person so that they know a little bit about the nature of our study. Thank you for your help, and have a nice (day/afternoon). (Reset to "Intro") S 4 (when qualified respondent is reached continue:) Hello, my name is __________________ , and I am with The Gallup Organization in Princeton, New Jersey. Recently, You received a letter from George Gallup outlining a survey regarding foreign policy, that we are conducting on behalf of the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations. You were selected for the elite portion of the study, because of the important role you play (appropriate from below). Do you have about 18 minutes right now to participate in the study, or would you like to arrange an appointment? (If code "01" in S1, say:) as a religious leader in the United States (If code "02" in S1, say:) in the international business conducted in the United States (If code "03" or "04" in S1, say:) as an educator in the United States (If code "05" or "06" in S1, say:). as an influencer of public opinion in the United States (If code "07" or "08" in S1, say:) representing public opinion in the United States (If code "09" in S1, say:) in the Clinton Administration (If code "10" in S1, say:) representing the American worker (If code "11" in S1, say:) determining the types of news stories which Americans are exposed to 1 Yes, now is a good time - (Skip to #1) 2 Would like to make appointment - (Set time for call back before 12-2-94, and record on Contact Sheet) 3 (Did not receive letter) - (Skip to S5*) 4 (Refused) - (Reset to S2) (515) 6 S5. (If code "4" in "Intro" or code "3" in S4, say:) Hello, my name is _____________________ , and I am with The Gallup organization in Princeton, New Jersey. *We are conducting a study on behalf of the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations, on attitudes relating to foreign policy. You have been selected for the elite portion of the study because of the important role you play (appropriate from below). Results of the study will be sent to academic, government, and other institutions, and we will also send each respondent a copy of the results. Do you have about 18 minutes right now to participate in the study, or would you like to arrange an appointment? (If "Yes", say:) Before we begin, I would like you to know that all respondents will remain anonymous, and the answers you give will be held in strict confidence. (If code "01" in S1, say:) as a religious leader in the United States (If code "02" in S1, say:) in the international business conducted in the United States (If code "03" or "04" in S1, say:) as an educator in the United States (If code "05" or "06" in S1, say:) as an influencer of public opinion in the United States (If code "07" or "08" in S1, say:) representing public opinion in the United States (If code "09" in S1, say:) in the Clinton Administr&tion (If code "10" in S1, say:) representing the American worker (If code "11" in S1, say:) determining the types of news stories which Americans are exposed to 1 Yes, now is a good time - (Skip to #1) 2 Would like to make appointment - (Set time for call back before 12-2-94, and record on Contact Sheet) 4 (Refused) - (Reset to S2) (516) 7 1. What do you feel are the two or three biggest problems facing the COUNTRY today? (Probe:). What else? (Open ended) (Probe for three responses) (ENTER VERBATIM RESPONSES) 01 other (list) 02 (DK) 03 (Refused) 04 None 05 HOLD 1.10 1st Resp: (517) (518) 1.20 2nd Resp: (519) (520) 1.30 3rd Resp: (521) (522) 2. What do you feel are the two or three biggest foreign policy problems facing the UNITED STATES today? (Probe:) What else? (Open ended) (Probe for three responses) (ENTER VERBATIM RESPONSES) 01 other (list) 02 (DK) 03 (Refused) 04 None- 05 HOLD 2.10 1st Resp: (523) (524) 2.20 2nd Resp: (525) (526) 2.30 3rd Resp: (527) (528) 3. I am going to read a list of present federal government programs. For each, I would like you to tell me whether you feel it should be expanded (E) , cut back (CB) , or kept about the same (KAS) How about (read and rotate A-I) E CB KAS (DK) (RF) A. Aid to education 1 2 3 4 5 (529) B. Defense spending 1 2 3 4 5 (530) C. Social security 1 2 3 4 5 (531) D. Military aid to other nations 1 2 3 4 5 (532) E. Economic aid to other nations 1 2 3 4 5 (533) F. Space program 1 2 3 4 5 (534) G. Health care 1 2 3 4 5 (535) H. Programs to combat violence and crime 1 2 3 4 5 (536) I. Gathering intelli- gence information about other countries 1 2 3 4 5 (537) 4. In general, compared to the role of the President, do you feel that Congress is playing too strong a role in determining foreign policy, too weak a role, or about the right role? 1 Too strong a role 2 Too weak a role 3 About the right role 4 (DK) 5 (Refused) (538) 9 5. ON THE WHOLE, do you favor or oppose our giving ECONOMIC aid to other nations? 1 Favor 2 Oppose 3 (DK) 4 (Refused) (539) 6. IN PARTICULAR, do you think ECONOMIC aid to the following people or nations should be increased (I) , decreased (D) kept about the same (KAS) , or stopped altogether (SA) How about (read and rotate A-G)? I D KAS SA (DK) (RF) A. Egypt 1 2 3 4 5 6 (540) B. Russia 1 2 3 4 5 6 (541) C. Israel 1 2 3 4 5 6 (542) D. Latin American countries 1 2 3 4 5 6 (543) E. Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza Strip 1 2 3 4 5 6 (544) F. African countries 1 2 3 4 5 6 (545) G. Newly independent countries in Eastern Europe 1 2 3 4 5 6 (546) 7. ON THE WHOLE, do you favor or oppose our government SELLING military equipment to other nations? 1 Favor 2 Oppose 3 (DK) 4 (Refused) (547) 10 8 Do you think the United States plays a more important and powerful role as a world leader today compared to ten years ago, a less important role, or about as important a role as a world leader as it did ten years ago? 1 More important 2 Less important 3 About as important 4 (DK) 5 (Refused) (548) 9. Please tell me whether in your estimation the following countries will play a greater (G) role or a lesser (L) role in the next ten years than they do today. How about (read and rotate A-E)? (AS=About the same) G L (AS) (DK) (RF) A. The United States 1 2 3 4 5 (549) B. Russia 1 2 3 4 5 (550) C. Japan 1 2 3 4 5 (551) D. Germany 1 2 3 4 5 (552) E. China 1 2 3 4 5 (553) 10. Do you think it will be best for the future of the country if we take an active part in world affairs, or if we stay out of world affairs? 1 Active part 2 Stay out 3 (DK) 4 (Refused) (554) 11. How do you rate the Clinton administration's handling of the following problems? Would you say the administration's handling of (read and rotate A-G) has been excellent (E), good (G), fair (F), or poor (P)? E G F P (DK) (RF) A. overall foreign policy 1 2 3 4 5 6 (555) B. Overall trade policy 1 2 3 4 5 6 (556) C. Immigration policy 1 2 3 4 5 6 (557) D. Relations with Latin America 1 2 3 4 5 6 (558) E. Relations with Japan 1 2 3 4 5 6 (559) F. Relations with Russia 1 2 3 4 5 6 (560) G. The Middle East 1 2 3 4 5 6 (561) 12. How would you rate the response of the U.S. government to the following situations? Would you say the response to (read and rotate A-F) was excellent (E), good (G), fair (F), or poor (P)? E G F P (DK) (RF) A. The war in Bosnia 1 2 3 4 5 6 (562) B. The potential nuclear threat from North Korea 1 2 3 4 5 6 (563) C. The situation in Haiti 1 2 3 4 5 6 (564) D. The situation in Cuba 1 2 3 4 5 6 (565) E. The situation in Rwanda 1 2 3 4 5 6 (566) F. The situation in the Middle East 1 2 3 4 5 6 (567) 12 13. Many people believe that the United States has a vital interest in certain areas of the world and not in other areas; that is, certain countries of the world are important to the U.S. for political, economic or security reasons. I am going to read a list of countries. For each, tell me whether you feel that the U.S. does (D) or does not (DN) have a vital interest in that country. How about (read and rotate A-R, randomlv selectinci ONLY half of A-R)? D DN (DK) (RF) A. Germany 1 2 3 4 (568) B. Japan 1 2 3 4 (569) C. Mexico 1 2 3 4 (570) D. Israel 1 2 3 4 (571) E. Canada 1 2 3 4 (572) F. Brazil 1 2 3 4 (573) G. Russia 1 2 3 4 (574) H. Great Britain 1 2 3 4 (575) I. Saudi Arabia 1 2 3 4 (576) J. China 1 2 3 4 (577) K. France 1 2 3 4 (578) L. South Korea 1 2 3 4 (579) M. Egypt 1 2 3 4 (580) N. South Africa 1 2 3 4 (612) 0. Poland 1 2 3 4 (613) P. Haiti 1 2 3 4 (614) Q. The Baltic countries of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia 1 2 3 4 (615) R. The Ukraine 1 2 3 4 (616) 13 14. I am going to read you a list of possible threats to the vital interest of the United States in the next ten years. For each one, please tell me if you see this as a critical (C) threat, an important (I) but not critical threat, or not an important threat at all (NIA) How about (read and rotate A-H)? C I NIA (DK) (RF) A. The military power of Russia 1 2 3 4 5 (617) B. Economic competition from Japan 1 2 3 4 5 (618) C. Economic competition from Europe 1 2 3 4 5 (619) D. The development of China as a world power 1 2 3 4 5 (620) E. Possible expansion of Islamic fundamentalism 1 2 3 4 5 (621) F. The possibility of unfriendly countries becoming nuclear powers 1 2 3 4 5 (622) G. International terrorism 1 2 3 4 5 (623) H. Large numbers of immigrants and refugees coming into the U.S. 1 2 3 4 5 (624) 14 15. There has been some discussion about the circumstances that might justify using U.S. troops in other parts of the world. I would like to ask your opinion about some situations. (First/Next), would you favor (F) or oppose (O) the use of U.S. troops (read and rotate A-H)? F O (DK) (RF) A. If North Korea invaded South Korea 1 2 3 4 (625) B. If Iraq invaded Saudi Arabia 1 2 3 4 (626) C. If Arab forces invaded Israel 1 2 3 4 (627) D. If Russia invaded Ukraine 1 2 3 4 (628) E. If Russia invaded Pbland 1 2 3 4 (629) F. If Russia invaded Western Europe 1 2 3 4 (630) G. If civil war broke out in South Africa 1 2 3 4 (631) H. If people in Cuba attempted to over- throw the Castro dictatorship 1 2 3 4 (632) 16. I am going to read a list of possible foreign policy goals that the United States might have. For each one, please say whether you think that it should be a very important (VI) foreign policy goal of the United States, a somewhat important (SI) foreign policy goal, or not an important goal at all (NIA) . (First/Next) , how about (read and rotate A-P, randomly selecting ONLY half of A-. VI SI NIA (DK) (RF) A. Protecting weaker nations against foreign aggression 1 2 3 4 5 (633) B. Promoting and defending human rights in other countries 1 2 3 4 5 (634) C. Reducing our trade deficit with foreign countries 1 2 3 4 5 (635) D. Strengthening the United Nations 1 2 3 4 5 (636)