ROSTER OF UNITED STATES CONGRESSIONAL OFFICEHOLDERS AND BIOGRAPHICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MEMBERS OF THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS, 1789-1996: MERGED DATA (ICPSR 7803) Principal Investigators The Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research and Carroll McKibbin Tenth ICPSR Edition July 1997 Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research P.O. Box 1248 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 1 1 BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION Publications based on ICPSR data collections should acknowledge those sources by means of bibliographic citations. To ensure that such source attributions are captured for social science bibliographic utilities, citations must appear in footnotes or in the reference section of publications. The bibliographic citation for this data collection is: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research, and Carroll McKibbin. ROSTER OF UNITED STATES CONGRESSIONAL OFFICEHOLDERS AND BIOGRAPHICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MEMBERS OF THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS, 1789-1996: MERGED DATA [Computer file]. 10th ICPSR ed. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [producer and distributor], 1997. REQUEST FOR INFORMATION ON USE OF ICPSR RESOURCES To provide funding agencies with essential information about use of archival resources and to facilitate the exchange of information about ICPSR participants' research activities, users of ICPSR data are requested to send to ICPSR bibliographic citations for each completed manuscript or thesis abstract. Please indicate in a cover letter which data were used. DATA DISCLAIMER The original collector of the data, ICPSR, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for uses of this collection or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses. 1 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE NO. INTRODUCTION Study Description i File Structure iv Codebook Information v ICPSR Processing Information vii VARIABLE DESCRIPTION LIST viii CODEBOOK APPENDIX Note 1: Members Who Have Represented More Than One State 1 1 i INTRODUCTION STUDY DESCRIPTION This dataset contains variables describing congressional service and selected biographical characteristics for each person who has served in the United States Congress. This release of the data includes members of the 104th Congress, through November 27, 1996. Approximately 11,455 individuals are represented in this file. A data record exists for every Congress in which an individual served, as well as for each chamber in which a person may have served in a given Congress. To illustrate, a member of the House of Representatives appointed to fill a vacancy in the Senate during a term of service will have two data records for that Congress. There are no records for territorial delegates or for service in the Continental Congress. Each record contains 104 variables that uniquely identify the member, provide biographical information, and describe aspects of the member's career. Some variables relate only to the Congress of record, that is, the Congress identified by Variable V2. Other variables are cumulative in nature, and are updated from Congress to Congress. Identification variables include an identification number assigned by ICPSR and the name of the Member. Service variables include political party affiliation, Senate class or House district, state and region represented, and exact and cumulative dates of service in each Congress and each Chamber, as well as total congressional service. The biographical variables include state and region of birth, education, military service, occupation, other political offices held, reason for leaving each Congress, and occupation and political offices held subsequent to leaving Congress. Many of these particular variables are summarized in a collapsed variable. The termination-of-service variable (V44) is a useful filter for the analyst interested in accessing only the final summary record for each member who has served in Congress. With this filter, the researcher may produce a subset of this dataset that will closely resemble the original "McKibbin" file, where there was one record per member of Congress. The Congress (V2) and Chamber (V3) variables are useful filters for one wishing to obtain frequencies in just the House or Senate over a particular span of time. The occupancy variable (V43) enables one to reconstruct a Congress as it was first configured, excluding replacement members. 1 ii The original version of this file was produced in large part by merging two previously existing files-- ICPSR's ROSTER OF UNITED STATES CONGRESSIONAL OFFICEHOLDERS, 1789-1979 (ICPSR 7557) and Carroll McKibbin's BIOGRAPHICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MEMBERS OF THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS, 1789-1978 (ICPSR 7428). Since 1980, ICPSR staff members have maintained this merged data set. Sources used include the BIOGRAPHICAL DIRECTORY OF THE AMERICAN CONGRESS 1774-1961 and subsequent editions (abbreviated "BDAC" hereafter); the biennial CONGRESSIONAL DIRECTORY, U.S. Government Printing Office; ICPSR's UNITED STATES HISTORICAL ELECTION RETURNS, 1788-1968 (ICPSR 0001 and 0079); "Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report", Congressional Quarterly Inc.; various daily newspapers; and various web sites on the internet. During the original creation of this combined file, the Consortium staff performed several detailed and systematic error checking procedures both while merging the existing files and updating the resulting merged file. Because of the completeness of the BDAC and other sources used in preparing this dataset there is little "unknown" information. Special codes are used to denote unknown or missing information. For example, for variable V14, missing information is indicated by code -1, and for variable V13 by code 9. In addition to missing data codes, there are special inapplicable codes for variables that do not apply to the member of Congress in question. For example, a variable that identifies the first House in which a member served is not meaningful for a member who has served only in the Senate, and would be coded as inapplicable. In the course of processing a study of this magnitude, random entry or keypunch errors may occur, embedded blanks or invalid characters may be introduced, and so on. These errors are generally corrected as they are brought to the processing staff's attention. The eighth edition of this file marked the introduction of two additional processing procedures. Beginning with the 101st Congress, members who changed their political party affiliation after being seated in a given Congress are assigned a separate data record for each party that they represented in that seat in the Congress of record. In addition, persons seated more than once in the same chamber during a single Congress will have a separate data record for each seat that they occupied in that chamber during the Congress in question. Thus, for example, a Representative who switched from the Democratic to the Republican party after being seated in the 104th House will have two data records for that seat in the 104th Congress; and a Senator who switched Senate seats in the 102nd Congress will have two data records for the 102nd Senate. 1 iii To facilitate analyses of this dataset, both missing data and inapplicable codes are recoded to missing values in the SAS and SPSS data definition statements accompanying this data collection. The Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress provided financial support and counseling for the creation of this dataset. 1 iv FILE STRUCTURE The ROSTER OF UNITED STATES CONGRESSIONAL OFFICEHOLDERS AND BIOGRAPHICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MEMBERS OF THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS, 1789-1996: MERGED DATA is available from ICPSR in logical record (LRECL) format. The data file comprises 104 variables for 42,862 cases and is constructed with a single logical record for each case. Each record in the data file has a logical record length of 248. This machine-readable codebook, with complete information for all variables, accompanies the data collection. In addition, SPSS and SAS data definition statements have been prepared for this collection. Both sets of data definition statements describe column locations and contain variable and value labels for all variables in the dataset. 1 v CODEBOOK INFORMATION The example below is a reproduction of information appearing in the machine-readable codebook for a typical variable. The numbers in brackets do not appear but are references to the descriptions that follow this example. ........................................................ [1] V94 [2] BEG CUM S SERV [3] MD=-1000 [4] LOC 211 WIDTH 5 [5] IMP DEC= 3 [6] Cumulative Senate Service as of the Beginning of the Congress of Record ---------------------------------------------------- [7] This five digit field records the total length of service (in years) in the Senate as of the beginning of each Congress. The first two columns are for whole numbers; the last three are implied decimal places. For example, a Member who served one year and seven months in a Congress is coded '01583'; a Member who served one term and four months is coded '02333'. The fractional parts of a year are listed below. [8] [9] 00000. Did not serve in the Senate prior to the Congress of Record 00001. Less than 1 month 00083. One month 00167. Two months 00250. Three months 00333. Four months 00417. Five months 00500. Six months 00583. Seven months 00667. Eight months 00750. Nine months 00833. Ten months 00917. Eleven months -1000. MD ........................................................ 1 vi [1] Indicates the variable name. A variable name is assigned to each variable in the data collection. [2] Indicates the variable label (maximum of 24 characters) used in the SAS and SPSS data definition statements. [3] Indicates codes assigned to missing data. These values are recoded as missing in the SAS and SPSS data definition statements. In this example, values equal to -1000 are missing data (MD=-1000). Alternative statements for other variables are "MD=-1," "MD GE 9," or "NO MISSING DATA CODES." Most analysis software packages require that certain types of data that the user desires to be excluded from analysis be designated as "MISSING DATA," e.g., inapplicable, unascertained, unascertainable, or ambiguous data categories. Although these codes are defined as missing data categories, this does not mean that the user should not or cannot use them in a substantive role if so desired. [4] Indicates the starting location and width of this variable in the record. In this example, the variable occupies columns 211-215 within the record. [5] A variable containing data with implied decimals is denoted by the message "IMP DEC= ??," where ?? is the number of decimal places implied in the variable. In this example, the variable has three implied decimal places. [6] This is the full text supplied by the investigator to describe the variable. [7] Indicates an additional comment or explanation appended to the variable description. [8] Indicates the codes occurring in the data for this variable. Since the variable in this example has many possible values, only values less than one are indicated. [9] Indicates the textual definitions of the codes. Abbreviations commonly used in the code definitions are "MD" (Missing Data), and "INAP" (Inapplicable). 1 vii ICPSR PROCESSING INFORMATION The tenth edition of this collection adds data for the period June 16, 1993 through November 27, 1996. As needed, new codes have been added to variables V21, V30, and V43. In addition, definitions of the following codes have been modified: codes 1 and 6 for V22; codes 11 and 12 for V43; codes 7 and 8 for V44; and codes 11 and 12 for V83. Only limited consistency checks were performed for this edition of the data collection. Several anomalies and inconsistencies in the data that were discovered since the release of the ninth edition have been corrected. 1 viii VARIABLE DESCRIPTION LIST MEMBER INFORMATION V1 Member identification number V2 Congress of Record V3 Chamber and class in Congress of Record V4 State represented V5 District represented V6 Political party (4 digit Hist Election Returns codes) V7 Political party (2 digit McKibbin codes) V8 Full name V9 Sex V10 Geographic region of member's state V11 State of birth V12 Born in and represented the same state V13 Born in and represented the same region V14 Relationship to others who have served in Congress V15 Collapsed version of relatives codes V16 Secondary education V17 College attended V18 Collapsed version of college codes V19 Military service V20 Collapsed version of military codes V21 Last major occupation prior to service in Congress V22 Collapsed version of last major occupation codes OFFICES PRIOR TO CONGRESSIONAL SERVICE V23 Last non-judicial municipal office prior to service V24 Collapsed non-judicial municipal office codes V25 Any municipal office prior to service - incl judgeships V26 Last non-judicial county office held prior to service V27 Collapsed version of non-judicial county office codes V28 Any county office prior to service - incl judgeships V29 Any local office held prior to service V30 Last non-judicial state office held prior to service V31 Collapsed version of non-judicial state office codes V32 Any state office prior to service - incl judgeships V33 Last non-judicial federal office prior to service V34 Collapsed non-judicial federal office codes V35 Any federal office prior to service - incl judgeships V36 Last judicial office held prior to service V37 Collapsed version of judicial office codes V38 Number levels gov't prior to service - out of five V39 Number levels gov't prior to service - out of three 1 ix HISTORY OF CONGRESSIONAL SERVICE V40 Sequence of Congressional offices held V41 Age when first entered Congress V42 Most recent means of attaining Congressional office V43 Occupancy in Congress of Record V44 Termination of service V45 Congress to which first elected or appointed V46 Year first elected to Congress V47 Last year of service in Congress V48 Total number of years served in Congress V49 Reason for leaving Congress for the last time V50 First House in which member served V51 First House contiguous to Congress of Record V52 Year first served in House V53 Last year of service in House V54 Total years served in House V55 Reason for leaving House for the last time V56 Total years served in House prior to entering Senate V57 First Senate in which member served V58 First Senate contiguous to Congress of Record V59 Year first served in Senate V60 Last year of service in Senate V61 Total years served in Senate V62 Reason for leaving Senate for the last time V63 Cumulative number of terms served in House V64 Cumulative number of terms served in Senate OFFICES HELD SUBSEQUENT TO CONGRESSIONAL SERVICE V65 First major occupation subsequent to service V66 First non-judicial municipal office after service V67 Collapsed non-judicial municipal office codes V68 Any municipal office after service-incl judgeships V69 First non-judicial county office after service V70 Collapsed version of non-judicial county office codes V71 Any county office after service-incl judgeships V72 Any local office subsequent to service V73 First non-judicial state office subsequent to service V74 Collapsed version of non-judicial state office codes V75 Any state office after service-incl judgeships V76 First non-judicial federal office after service V77 Collapsed non-judicial federal office codes V78 Any federal office after service-incl judgeships V79 First judicial office subsequent to service V80 Collapsed version of judicial office codes V81 Number levels gov't after service - out of five V82 Number levels gov't after service - out of three 1 x SERVICE IN CONGRESS OF RECORD V83 Why member left Congress of Record V84 Month entered Congress of Record V85 Day entered Congress of Record V86 Year entered Congress of Record V87 Month left Congress of Record V88 Day left Congress of Record V89 Year left Congress of Record V90 Alphabetic abbreviation for state represented V91 Alphabetic abbreviation for party represented V92 Length of service in Congress of Record V93 Cum. House service beginning Congress of Record V94 Cum. Senate service beginning Congress of Record V95 Cum. Congressional service beginning Congress of Record V96 Cum. House service at end of Congress of Record V97 Cum. Senate service at end of Congress of Record V98 Cum. Congressional service at end of Congress of Record V99 Cum. number terms in House end Congress of Record V100 Cum. number terms in Senate end Congress of Record V101 Age at beginning of Congress of Record ICPSR VARIABLES V102 ICPSR Study Number V103 ICPSR Version Number V104 ICPSR Part Number 1 ............................................................... V1 ICPSR MEMBER ID NUMBER NO MISSING DATA CODES LOC 1 WIDTH 5 ICPSR Five Digit Identification Number -------------------------------------- Members in office in the 1st through the beginning of the 87th Congress were coded in alphabetical order as they appeared in the BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY OF THE AMERICAN CONGRESS, 1774-1961. Thereafter, new members were generally assigned ID numbers in alphabetical order as they arrived in Congress. Member's full name is included in V8. ............................................................... V2 CONGRESS MD=-1 LOC 6 WIDTH 3 Congress Number --------------- The sequential number of the Congress of Record in which the member was seated. -1. MD ............................................................... V3 CHAMBER/CLASS MD=9 LOC 9 WIDTH 1 Chamber (and Class) in Which Member Served in Congress of Record --------------------------------------------------------- 3. House of Representatives 4. Senate, Class 1. The following 33 states with Class 1 seats elected Senators in any or all of the years 1788, 1790, 1796, 1802, 1808, 1814, 1820, 1826, 1832, 1838, 1844, 1850, 1856, 1862, 1868, 1874, 1880, 1886, 1892, 1898, 1904, 1910, 1916, 1922, 1928, 1934, 1940, 1946, 1952, 1958, 1964, 1970, 1976, 1982, 1988, 1994, 2000. Arizona Minnesota Pennsylvania California Mississippi Rhode Island Connecticut Missouri Tennessee Delaware Montana Texas Florida Nebraska Utah Hawaii Nevada Vermont Indiana New Jersey Virginia Maine New Mexico Washington Maryland New York West Virginia Massachusetts North Dakota Wisconsin Michigan Ohio Wyoming 5. Senate, Class 2. The following 33 states with Class 2 seats elected Senators in any or all of the years 1788, 1792, 1798, 1804, 1810, 1816, 1822, 1828, 1834, 1840, 1846, 1852, 1858, 1864, 1870, 1876, 1882, 1888, 1894, 1900, 1906, 1912, 1918, 1924, 1930, 1936, 1942, 1948, 1954, 1960, 1966, 1972, 1978, 1984, 1990, 1996, 2002. Alabama Louisiana North Carolina Alaska Maine Oklahoma Arkansas Massachusetts Oregon Colorado Michigan Rhode Island Delaware Minnesota South Carolina Georgia Mississippi South Dakota Idaho Montana Tennessee Illinois Nebraska Texas Iowa New Hampshire Virginia Kansas New Jersey West Virginia Kentucky New Mexico Wyoming 6. Senate, Class 3. The following 34 states with Class 3 seats elected Senators in any or all of the years 1788, 1794, 1800, 1806, 1812, 1818, 1824, 1830, 1836, 1842, 1848, 1854, 1860, 1866, 1872, 1878, 1884, 1890, 1896, 1902, 1908, 1914, 1920, 1926, 1932, 1938, 1944, 1950, 1956, 1962, 1968, 1974, 1980, 1986, 1992, 1998. Alabama Indiana Ohio Alaska Iowa Oklahoma Arizona Kansas Oregon Arkansas Kentucky Pennsylvania California Louisiana South Carolina Colorado Maryland South Dakota Connecticut Missouri Utah Florida Nevada Vermont Georgia New Hampshire Washington Hawaii New York Wisconsin Idaho North Carolina Illinois North Dakota 9. MD ............................................................... V4 STATE MD=-1 LOC 10 WIDTH 2 ICPSR Code For State That Member Represented in the Congress of Record ------------------------------------------------------------ V90 lists the two digit alphabetic postal code state abbreviation. New England . . . . . . 01. Connecticut 02. Maine 03. Massachusetts 04. New Hampshire 05. Rhode Island 06. Vermont Middle Atlantic . . . . . . . . 11. Delaware 12. New Jersey 13. New York 14. Pennsylvania East North Central . . . . . . . . . . 21. Illinois 22. Indiana 23. Michigan 24. Ohio 25. Wisconsin West North Central . . . . . . . . . . 31. Iowa 32. Kansas 33. Minnesota 34. Missouri 35. Nebraska 36. North Dakota 37. South Dakota Solid South . . . . . . 40. Virginia 41. Alabama 42. Arkansas 43. Florida 44. Georgia 45. Louisiana 46. Mississippi 47. North Carolina 48. South Carolina 49. Texas Border States . . . . . . . 51. Kentucky 52. Maryland 53. Oklahoma 54. Tennessee 55. Washington, D.C. 56. West Virginia Mountain States . . . . . . . . 61. Arizona 62. Colorado 63. Idaho 64. Montana 65. Nevada 66. New Mexico 67. Utah 68. Wyoming Pacific States .............. 71. California 72. Oregon 73. Washington Noncontinental States ..................... 81. Alaska 82. Hawaii -1. MD ............................................................... V5 DISTRICT MD=-1 OR GE 99 LOC 12 WIDTH 2 District Represented by the Member in the Congress of Record ------------------------------------------------------------ This variable includes codes for standard single member districts, at-large districts, and districts in which the Representative was elected on a general ticket. The district number itself is used as the value given here for single member districts as well as any so-called "plural districts". The practice of electing several Representatives from the same district disappeared by about 1830 and was limited to Kentucky, Maryland, New York, and Pennsylvania. These plural districts are not distinguished by a special code but they can be identified by the presence of several Representatives, all regularly elected, who have the same district number. The code values for the single member and plural districts range from 1 to 49, inclusive. Districts in which the Representative was elected on a general ticket are coded in the range 50 through 70, inclusive. In some states, Representatives were elected at-large (on a general ticket) but did represent specific districts. A Representative elected on a general ticket to represent district 1 would be coded 51 here. At-large districts within a state are coded in descending order beginning with the value 98 according to the alphabetic order of the candidates' last names. Hence, Anderson would be coded as 98, Brown as 97, Carlson as 96, and so on. 01. Single Member and Plural Districts. . . 49. 50. Representatives Elected on a General Ticket. . . 73. 88. Representatives Elected From At-Large Districts. . . 98. At Large 99. Unknown or Not Ascertained -1. INAP, Senator; MD ............................................................... V6 PARTY MD=-1 OR GE 9000 LOC 14 WIDTH 4 The Political Party with which the Member was affiliated during the Congress of Record -------------------------------------------------------- This four digit numeric code corresponds to the system used in the ICPSR Collection of Historical Election Returns, 1788-1968. (V91 in this dataset gives alphabetic abbreviations for the major parties). 0001. Federalist 0008. Anti-Democrat 0009. Jefferson Republican 0010. Anti-Federalist 0011. Jefferson Democrat 0012. Old Republican 0013. Democrat-Republican 0014. Clinton Democrat 0020. Adams Republican 0021. Adams Anti-Democrat 0022. Adams Democrat 0023. Adams Supporter 0024. John Quincy Adams Democrat 0025. National Republican 0026. Anti-Masonic 0027. Anti-Masonic Whig 0028. Clay Democrat 0029. Whig 0030. Henry Clay Whig 0031. High Tariff Whig 0032. Harrison Whig 0033. Whig and Anti-Masonic 0034. Whig and Democrat 0035. Law and Order Whig 0036. Old Line Whig 0037. Constitutional Union 0038. Liberation Whig 0040. Anti-Democrat and States Rights 0041. Anti-Jackson Democrat 0042. Calhoun Democrat 0043. Calhoun Nullifer 0044. Nullifer 0045. Nullifer Democrat 0046. States Rights Democrat 0047. States Rights Free Trader 0048. States Rights Whig 0049. Tyler Democrat 0100. Democrat 0101. Jackson Democrat 0102. Jackson Free Statesmen 0103. Democrat and Anti-Mason 0104. Van Buren Democrat 0105. Conservative Democrat 0106. Anti-Nebraska Democrat 0107. Douglas Democrat 0108. Anti-Lecompton Democrat 0109. Missouri Compromise Democrat 0110. Popular Sovereignty Democrat 0111. Anti-Broderick Democrat 0112. Conservative 0113. Fusion Democrat 0114. Readjuster 0115. Tammany Democrat 0116. Anti-Tammany Democrat 0117. Protection-Tariff Democrat 0118. Tariff-For-Revenue Democrat 0119. United Democrat 0120. Liberal Democrat 0200. Republican 0201. Radical Republican 0202. Union Conservative 0203. Unconditional Union 0204. Union Whig 0205. Union War Candidate 0206. Unionist 0207. States Rights War Democrat 0208. Liberal Republican 0209. Liberal Republican and Democrat 0210. Republican and Union Labor 0211. Protectionist 0212. United Republican 0213. Progressive Republican 0214. Republican and Non-Partisan 0215. War Democrat 0300. Free Soil 0301. Free Soil Democrat 0302. Free Soil Whig 0303. Whig and Free Soiler 0304. Anti-Slavery 0305. Anti-Slavery Whig 0306. Free-Soil Temperance and Know-Nothing(American) 0307. Ultra-Abolitionist 0308. Free Soil American and Democrat 0310. American 0311. American and Republican 0312. National American 0313. Native American Democrat 0314. Democrat and American 0315. Whig and American 0320. Greenback 0321. Greenback Democrat 0322. Greenback and Democrat 0323. Greenback Labor Reform 0324. Democrat and Greenback 0325. Democrat and Greenback Labor 0326. National Greenback 0327. National Greenback and Democrat 0328. Independent 0329. Independent and Democrat 0330. Independent Democrat 0331. Independent Republican 0332. Independent Radical 0333. Independent Republican and Democrat 0334. National and Democrat 0335. National Anti-Monopolist 0336. Anti-Monopolist 0337. Anti-Monopolist Democrat 0338. Republican Greenback 0339. Democrat and Liberal 0340. Populist 0341. People's 0342. People's and Democrat 0343. Populist and Democrat 0344. Populist, Democrat, and People's 0345. Populist and Silver Democrat 0346. Democrat and Populist 0347. Democrat, People's and Prohibitionists 0348. Farmers' Alliance 0349. Farmers' Alliance and Prohibitionists 0351. Alliance Democrat 0352. Free Silver Republican 0353. Independent Silver Republican 0354. Silver Republican 0355. Union Laborite 0356. Union Labor and Democrat 0357. Non-Partisan League 0360. Democrat and Prohibition 0361. Prohibition 0362. Prohibition and Democrat 0370. Progressive 0380. Socialist 0400. Feliciana Republican 0401. Fusionist 0402. Liberal 0403. Law and Order 0404. Radical 0500. Prohibition, Democrat-Republican and Progressive 0501. Labor 0505. Socialist Labor 0515. Democrat and Labor 0522. American Labor 0528. Union Democrat 0537. Farmer Labor 0567. Democrat and Citizen 0659. Opposition Republican 0749. Republican-Democrat 0809. Democrat, Farmer-Labor 0908. Non-Partisan 1010. Northern Democrat 1116. Conservative Republican 1160. Silver-Republican-Democrat 9000. Party Identification Unknown . . 9998. Party Identification Unknown 9999. Unknown -001. MD ............................................................... V7 POL PARTY MD=-1 LOC 18 WIDTH 2 Political Party --------------- A two digit code, corresponding to the system used by Carroll McKibbin in the study, BIOGRAPHICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MEMBERS OF THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS (ICPSR 7428). The party affiliation held the longest is the one coded for members associated with more than one political party. Code 07, Independent, includes both those for whom no party affiliation is mentioned in the BDAC and those who were elected as Independents. 01. Democrat 02. Republican 03. Whig 04. Federalist 05. Anti-Monopolist 06. American 07. Independent 08. Free Soil 09. Populist 10. Farm Labor 11. Conservative 12. Greenback 13. Socialist 14. Liberal 15. Anti-Mason 17. Union Labor 18. Progressive -1. MD ............................................................... V8 FULL NAME NO MISSING DATA CODES LOC 20 WIDTH 25 Member's Full Name ------------------ Last, First, Middle If a member's name does not fill 25 columns, blanks are used in the remaining spaces. ............................................................... V9 SEX MD=9 LOC 45 WIDTH 1 Sex --- 1. Male 2. Female 9. MD ............................................................... V10 REGION MD=9 LOC 46 WIDTH 1 Region ------ The ICPSR code for the geographic region of the country in which the member's state is found. The variable was derived by taking the first digit of the ICPSR state code. (V4). 0. New England 1. Middle Atlantic 2. East North Central 3. West North Central 4. South 5. Border 6. Mountain 7. Pacific 8. External 9. MD ............................................................... V11 STATE BORN (ICPSR CODE) MD=-1 LOC 47 WIDTH 2 State of Birth -------------- 00. Unknown or Born in a Foreign Country New England . . . . . . 01. Connecticut 02. Maine 03. Massachusetts 04. New Hampshire 05. Rhode Island 06. Vermont Middle Atlantic . . . . . . . . 11. Delaware 12. New Jersey 13. New York 14. Pennsylvania East North Central . . . . . . . . . . 21. Illinois 22. Indiana 23. Michigan 24. Ohio 25. Wisconsin West North Central . . . . . . . . . . 31. Iowa 32. Kansas 33. Minnesota 34. Missouri 35. Nebraska 36. North Dakota 37. South Dakota Solid South . . . . . . 40. Virginia 41. Alabama 42. Arkansas 43. Florida 44. Georgia 45. Louisiana 46. Mississippi 47. North Carolina 48. South Carolina 49. Texas Border States . . . . . . . 51. Kentucky 52. Maryland 53. Oklahoma 54. Tennessee 55. Washington, D.C. 56. West Virginia Mountain States . . . . . . . . 61. Arizona 62. Colorado 63. Idaho 64. Montana 65. Nevada 66. New Mexico 67. Utah 68. Wyoming Pacific States .............. 71. California 72. Oregon 73. Washington Noncontinental States ..................... 81. Alaska 82. Hawaii -1. MD ............................................................... V12 BORN/REP SAME STATE MD=9 LOC 49 WIDTH 1 Born In and Represented the Same State -------------------------------------- This variable indicates whether the member represented his/her state of birth. 0. Represented State in Which Born 1. Did Not Represent State in Which Born 9. MD ............................................................... V13 BORN/REP SAME REGION MD=9 LOC 50 WIDTH 1 Born In and Represented the Same Region --------------------------------------- This variable indicates whether the member represented his/her region of birth. 0. Represented Region in Which Born 1. Did Not Represent Region in Which Born. 9. MD ............................................................... V14 ICPSR RELATIVES CODE MD=-1 LOC 51 WIDTH 2 Relationship of Individual to Others Who Have Served in Congress. ------------------------------------------------------- This code refers only to the first relative mentioned in BDAC or other sources of information. For example, if a member is the daughter of a congressman '02' would be coded here. 00. None Mentioned in BDAC or other sources 01. Father/Mother 02. Son/Daughter 03. Grandfather 04. Grandson/Granddaughter 05. Uncle 06. Nephew/Niece 07. Brother/Sister 08. Cousin 09. Husband 10. Wife or Widow 11. Father-in-law 12. Son-in-law 13. Great-grandfather 14. Great-grandson 15. Great-uncle 16. Great-nephew 17. Brother-in-law/Sister-in-law 18. Second cousin 21. Stepfather 22. Stepson/Stepdaughter 23. Great-great-grandfather 24. Great-great-grandson 25. Great-great-uncle 26. Great-great-nephew 27. Stepbrother/Stepsister or Halfbrother/Halfsister 34. Great-great-great-grandson -1. MD ............................................................... V15 RELATIVES CLLPS MD=9 LOC 53 WIDTH 1 Collapsed Version of Relatives Code ----------------------------------- This is a collapsed version of V14. 0. The member had no relatives who served in Congress. 1. The member had at least one relative who served in Congress. 9. MD ............................................................... V16 SECONDARY EDUC MD=9 LOC 54 WIDTH 1 Secondary Education ------------------- The BDAC and other sources include many imprecise references to the secondary education of members. If there is no mention of such schooling, the code value '0' applies, and if there is mention of the member receiving a secondary education but not specifically from a private school, the code value '1' applies. Members first elected or appointed to the 102nd Congress or to subsequent Congresses are coded 1 if a college education is mentioned but no secondary education is reported. 0. Unknown 1. Public Schools, or type of secondary education not specified. 2. Private Schools, including parochial. 9. MD ............................................................... V17 COLLEGE ATTENDED MD=-1 LOC 55 WIDTH 3 College Attended ---------------- Only the last college or university attended was coded. A foreign college is coded only if there was no attendance at a college in the United States. The first two digits of the code are the same as the McKibbin State Code (see below). A value of '0' in the last digit indicates attendance at a state university. A value of '9' in the last digit indicates attendance at a college other than a state university. Codes for specific schools follow: 000. No college attendance or None mentioned. 009. Foreign college (no American college attended) 110. Connecticut State Universities 111. Yale 119. Connecticut Colleges 120. Maine State Universities 129. Maine Colleges Colleges 130. Massachusetts State Universities 131. Harvard 139. Massachusetts Colleges 140. New Hampshire State Universities 142. Dartmouth 149. New Hampshire Colleges 150. Rhode Island State Universities 151. Brown 159. Rhode Island Colleges 160. Vermont State Universities 169. Vermont Colleges 220. New Jersey State Universities 221. Princeton 222. Rutgers 229. New Jersey Colleges 250. New York State Universities 251. Columbia 252. Cornell 253. West Point 259. New York Colleges 270. Pennsylvania State Universities 271. Pennsylvania University 279. Pennsylvania Colleges 310. Delaware State Universities 319. Delaware Colleges 320. Maryland State Universities 329. Maryland Colleges 330. District of Columbia Universities 331. George Washington University 332. Georgetown University 339. District of Columbia Colleges 340. Virginia State Universities 341. Richmond University 349. Virginia Colleges 350. West Virginia State Universities 359. West Virginia Colleges 360. North Carolina State Universities 369. North Carolina Colleges 370. South Carolina State Universities 379. South Carolina Colleges 380. Georgia State Universities 389. Georgia Colleges 390. Florida State Universities 399. Florida Colleges 410. Illinois State Universities 411. Chicago University 412. Northwestern University 419. Illinois Colleges 420. Michigan State Universities 429. Michigan Colleges 430. Ohio State Universities 439. Ohio Colleges 440. Wisconsin State Universities 449. Wisconsin Colleges 450. Indiana State Universities 451. Notre Dame 459. Indiana Colleges 510. Iowa State Universities 512. Iowa State University 519. Iowa Colleges 520. Kansas State Universities 529. Kansas Colleges 530. Minnesota State Universities 539. Minnesota Colleges 540. Missouri State Universities 549. Missouri Colleges 550. Nebraska State Universities 559. Nebraska Colleges 560. North Dakota State Universities 569. North Dakota Colleges 570. South Dakota State Universities 579. South Dakota Colleges 610. Kentucky State Universities 619. Kentucky Colleges 620. Tennessee State Universities 621. Vanderbilt 629. Tennessee Colleges 630. Alabama State Universities 639. Alabama Colleges 640. Mississippi State Universities 649. Mississippi Colleges 710. Arkansas State Universities 719. Arkansas Colleges 720. Louisiana State Universities 729. Louisiana Colleges 730. Oklahoma State Universities 739. Oklahoma Colleges 740. Texas State Universities 749. Texas Colleges 810. Montana State Universities 819. Montana Colleges 820. Idaho State Universities 829. Idaho Colleges 830. Wyoming State Universities 839. Wyoming Colleges 840. Colorado State Universities 849. Colorado Colleges 850. New Mexico Universities 859. New Mexico Colleges 860. Arizona State Universities 869. Arizona Colleges 870. Utah State Universities 879. Utah Colleges 880. Nevada State Universities 889. Nevada Colleges 910. California State Universities 911. Stanford 912. California Institute of Technology 919. California Colleges 920. Oregon State Universities 929. Oregon Colleges 930. Washington State Universities 939. Washington Colleges 940. Alaska State Universities 949. Alaska Colleges 950. Hawaii State Universities 959. Hawaii Colleges -01. MD ............................................................... V18 COLLEGE ATTENDED CLLPS MD=9 LOC 58 WIDTH 1 Collapsed Version of College Attended ------------------------------------- This variable is a collapsed version of V17. 0. No college attended or none mentioned in BDAC or other sources 1. Attended a state university 2. Attended a Ivy League school (Yale, Harvard, Brown, Columbia, Princeton, Pennsylvania, Dartmouth, Cornell, Rutgers, West Point) 3. Attended other colleges and universities 9. MD ............................................................... V19 MILITARY SERVICE MD=9 LOC 59 WIDTH 1 Military Service ---------------- The highest rank prior to Congressional service is coded. An individual who was known to be an officer is coded here as '2' when no more specific information is available. If a Member had some military service but with no rank specified, this variable is coded '1'. The Navy equivalent to an Army rank is listed second. 0. No Military service mentioned in BDAC or other sources 1. Enlisted rank, non-officer or rank unspecified 2. Lieutenant/Ensign, or officer with rank unspecified 3. Captain/Lieutenant 4. Major/Lieutenant Commander 5. Lieutenant Colonel/Commander 6. Colonel/Captain 7. General/Admiral 9. MD ............................................................... V20 MIL SVCE CLLPS MD=9 LOC 60 WIDTH 1 Collapsed Version of Military Service ------------------------------------- This variable is a collapsed version of V19. 0. No military service was mentioned in BDAC or other sources 1. Enlisted rank, non-officer or rank unspecified 2. Officer 9. MD ............................................................... V21 LAST OCCUPATION PRE-CONG MD=-1 LOC 61 WIDTH 2 Last Major Occupation Prior to Service in Congress -------------------------------------------------- 0. Either none mentioned in BDAC or other sources, unknown, or no non-public service 1. Retired 2. Secondary School Teacher 3. High School Administrator 4. College Administrator 5. College Professor 6. Public policy analyst 7. Political activist 8. Teacher, not specified whether secondary or elementary 10. Lawyer 11. Doctor/Dentist/Veterinarian 12. Journalist/Publisher 13. Minister/Priest 14. Architect/Urban Planner 15. Librarian 16. Accountant/Economist 17. Engineer 18. Social Worker 19. Mortician 20. Actor 21. Professional Athlete 30. Soldier 31. Surveyor 40. Radio and Television 41. Public Relations/Lobbyist 42. Advertising 43. Salaried Political Party Officer 50. Business (Transportation) 51. Business (Investments) 52. Business (Contractor) 53. Business (Manufacturer) 54. Business (Agriculture/Farming) 55. Business (Banking) 56. Business (Retailing) 57. Business (Mining/Petroleum) 58. Business (Real Estate) 59. Business (Insurance) 60. Business (Unspecified) 61. Communication company executive 62. Charity Organizer 69. Tailor 70. Laborer 71. Union Officer 72. Slave 80. Author 90. Hospital Administrator 91. Educational Administrator 92. Public School Guidance Counselor 93. Association Director/CEO 94. Political Consultant/Researcher 95. Pharmacist 96. Medical office manager -1. MD ............................................................... V22 LAST OCC PRE-CONG CLLPS MD=9 LOC 63 WIDTH 1 Collapsed Version of Last Occupation Prior to Service ----------------------------------------------------- This is a collapsed version of V21. 0. None, unknown, retired or no non-public service (includes V21 codes 00, 01) 1. Education (includes V21 codes 02-05, 08, 91-92) 2. Lawyer (includes V21 code 10) 3. Professional (includes V21 codes 11-19) 4. Business (includes V21 codes 50-53, 55-60) 5. Agriculture (includes V21 code 54) 6. Miscellaneous (includes V21 codes 06, 07, 20-43, 61-90, 93-96) 9. MD ............................................................... V23 LST N-J MUN OFC PRE-CONG MD=-1 LOC 64 WIDTH 2 Last Municipal Office Held Prior to Service in Congress ------------------------------------------------------- 00. None mentioned in BDAC or other sources 01. City Treasurer 02. City Council 03. Mayor 04. School Commissioner/School Board 05. Commissioner 06. City Clerk 07. Town Supervisor 93. Board Member/Selectman/Alderman 94. Civil Servant 95. Assessor 96. Justice of the Peace 97. City Attorney -1. MD ............................................................... V24 LST N-J MUN PRE-CN CLLPS MD=9 LOC 66 WIDTH 1 Collapsed Version of Last Municipal Office Prior to Service ----------------------------------------------------------- The only judicial office included in this variable is Justice of the Peace. This is a collapsed version of V23. 0. No service in a municipal office mentioned in BDAC or other sources 1. Some municipal office was held 9. MD ............................................................... V25 ANY MUN PRE-CN CLLPS MD=9 LOC 67 WIDTH 1 Any Municipal Office Held Prior to Service in Congress ------------------------------------------------------ 0. No service in a municipal office was mentioned in BDAC or other sources 1. Some service in a municipal office, including municipal judgeship (Coded '4' on V36). 9. MD ............................................................... V26 LST N-J CTY OFC PRE-CONG MD=-1 LOC 68 WIDTH 2 Last Non-Judicial County Office Held Prior to Service ----------------------------------------------------- 00. None mentioned in BDAC or other sources 01. County Attorney, Prosecuting Attorney 02. Clerk 03. Sheriff 04. Commissioner 05. Register of Deeds 06. Assessor 07. Auditor 08. Treasurer 09. Surveyor 10. Coroner 11. Superintendent of Schools 12. Probation Officer 13. Public Administrator 14. County Supervisor 15. County Legislator 16. County Comptroller 94. Board Member 95. Civil Servant 96. Surrogate 97. Probate Officer 98. Jail Inspector -1. MD ............................................................... V27 LST N-J CTY PRE-CN CLLPS MD=9 LOC 70 WIDTH 1 Collapsed Version of Last Non-Judicial County Office Held --------------------------------------------------------- This variable is a collapsed version of V26. 0. No holding of a county office mentioned in BDAC or other sources 1. Some county office was held 9. MD ............................................................... V28 ANY CTY PRE-CN CLLPS MD=9 LOC 71 WIDTH 1 Service in Any County Office Held Prior to Service in Congress ----------------------------------------------------- 0. No holding of a county office mentioned in BDAC or other sources 1. Some county office was held, including county judgeship (Coded '2' on V36) 9. MD ............................................................... V29 ANY LOCAL OFC PRE-CONG MD=9 LOC 72 WIDTH 1 Service in Any Local Office Held Prior to Service in Congress ---------------------------------------------------- A code value of '1' denotes any service, including judicial, on the municipal or county level. 0. No local office mentioned in BDAC or other sources 1. Any local office 9. MD ............................................................... V30 LST N-J STA OFC PRE-CONG MD=-1 LOC 73 WIDTH 2 Last Non-Judicial State Office Held Prior to Service ---------------------------------------------------- 00. None, none mentioned in BDAC or other sources 02. Representative (House) 03. Senator 04. Governor 05. Secretary of State, Assistant Secretary of State 06. Auditor 07. Lieutenant Governor 08. Treasurer 09. Attorney General, Assistant Attorney General 10. Comptroller 11. Court Reporter 12. Hearing Examiner 13. Secretary of Labor and Industry 14. Secretary of Agriculture 82. Chairman of Task Force 84. Commissioner 85. Governor's Staff 86. Council Member 87. Civil Servant 88. Board Member 89. Legislative Clerk 90. Commissioner 91. Court Reporter 92. State Superintendent of Schools 93. Commissioner 94. University Regent or Trustee 95. Warden 96. District Attorney 98. Adjutant General -1. MD ............................................................... V31 LST N-J STA PRE-CN CLLPS MD=9 LOC 75 WIDTH 1 Collapsed Version of Last Non-Judicial State Office Prior to Service in the Congress ------------------------------------------------------------ This variable is the collapsed version of V30. 0. No state office mentioned in BDAC or other sources 1. Some state office held. 9. MD ............................................................... V32 ANY STA PRE-CN CLLPS MD=9 LOC 76 WIDTH 1 Any State Office Held Prior to Service in Congress -------------------------------------------------- 0. No state office mentioned in BDAC or other sources 1. Any state office, including state judgeship (Coded '1' on V36) 9. MD ............................................................... V33 LST N-J FED OFC PRE-CONG MD=-1 LOC 77 WIDTH 2 Last Non-Judicial Federal Office Held Prior to Service ------------------------------------------------------ 00. None, none mentioned in BDAC or other sources, unknown 01. City Commandant 02. Food Administrator 03. President 04. Member of Continental Congress (includes elected but not sworn in) 05. Vice President 06. Territorial Delegate 07. Federal Staff (Non civil service) 08. Delegate to International Assemblies 65. Senate Clerk 69. Diplomatic Service except Secretary of State, ambassador, consul, and delegate to international assemblies 70. Cabinet Member Advisor 71. Treasurer, Asst. Treasurer 72. Territorial Governor, Cabinet Member or Civil Servant (includes Canal Zone) 73. Marshall, Asst. Marshall 74. Member, Director or President of Council, Board or Commission 75. Congressional Staff 76. Customs Agent 77. Comptroller 78. Civil Servant 79. Administrator, Deputy Administrator 80. Court Clerk 81. Commissioner 82. Consul 83. Indian Agent 84. Cabinet Member 85. U.S. Attorney 87. Appraiser 88. Tax Collector 89. Postmaster 90. Presidential Advisor 91. Minister 92. House Clerk 93. Pension Agent 94. Ambassador 95. Land Registrar 96. Warden 97. Post Collector 98. Assistant Secretary, Acting Secretary -1. MD ............................................................... V34 LST N-J FED PRE-CN CLLPS MD=9 LOC 79 WIDTH 1 Collapsed Version of Last Non-Judicial Federal Office Held ---------------------------------------------------------- 0. No Federal office mentioned in BDAC or other sources 1. Some Federal office held. 9. MD ............................................................... V35 ANY FED PRE-CN CLLPS MD=9 LOC 80 WIDTH 1 Federal Office Held Prior to Service in Congress ------------------------------------------------ 0. No Federal office held, none mentioned in BDAC or other sources 1. Any Federal office held, including Federal judgeships (Coded '3', 5-9 on V36) 9. MD ............................................................... V36 LAST JUDCL OFC PRE-CONG MD=-1 LOC 81 WIDTH 2 Last Judicial Office Held Prior to Service in Congress ------------------------------------------------------ 00. None mentioned in BDAC or other sources 01. State 02. County 03. Federal District Court 04. Municipal 05. Customs Court 06. Tax Court and Court of Military Appeals 07. Claims Court 08. United States Supreme Court 09. United States Circuit Court -1. MD ............................................................... V37 LST JUD PRE-CN CLLPS MD=9 LOC 83 WIDTH 1 Collapsed Version of Last Judicial Office Held Prior to Service ------------------------------------------------------- 0. No Judicial Office mentioned in BDAC or other sources 1. Some Judicial Office held 9. MD ............................................................... V38 NUM LEVELS OF 5:PRE-CONG MD=9 LOC 84 WIDTH 1 Number of Levels of Government Served in Prior to Service in Congress--Five Possible Levels ------------------------------------------------------------ A Member's score is incremented by one if that individual served at the municipal level, at the county level, at the state level, at the federal level or in the judiciary. The highest possible code is five. Note that judicial offices are a separate level and are not included in the municipal, county, state, or federal categories. This variable is obtained by counting the appropriate code values in V24, V27, V31, V34 and V37. 0. None 1. One 2. Two 3. Three 4. Four 5. Five 9. MD ............................................................... V39 NUM LEVELS OF 3:PRE-CONG MD=9 LOC 85 WIDTH 1 Number of Levels of Government Served in Prior to Service in Congress--Three Possible Levels ------------------------------------------------------------ A Member's score is incremented by one if that individual served at the local level, at the state level or at the federal level prior to any service in Congress. The highest possible score is three. Note that judicial offices are included in the local, state, and federal categories. This variable is obtained by counting the code values in V29, V32, and V35. 0. None 1. One 2. Two 3. Three 9. MD ............................................................... V40 CONG OFFICE MD=9 LOC 86 WIDTH 1 Sequence of Congressional Offices Held -------------------------------------- Only the first occurrence of service in a chamber is taken account of in this variable. For example, a member who served first in the House, next in the Senate, and then again in the House would be coded 3 and not 4. 1. Served in House only 2. Served in Senate only 3. Served first in House, then Senate 4. Served first in Senate, then House 9. MD ............................................................... V41 AGE WHEN FRST ENT CONG MD=0 OR LE -1 LOC 87 WIDTH 2 Age When First Entered Congress ------------------------------- This is a two digit variable that specifies the age of the individual at the time of first entry into Congress. (Date sworn in -- not date elected.) V101 gives the age at the beginning of the Congress of Record. 00. Unknown -1. MD ............................................................... V42 ATTAIN OFFICE MD=9 LOC 89 WIDTH 1 Most Recent Means of Attaining Congressional Office --------------------------------------------------- 1. Regularly elected in a general election. This category includes Senators elected since the passage of the 17th amendment, and all regularly elected House Members, including those who won contested elections. 2. Elected in a special election, i.e., a replacement. Senators who were specially elected as replacements in the first or second Congress of a 6-year term, are coded '2' for the rest of the Congresses in the term. 3. Elected by state legislature. This category includes all Senators elected before the 17th amendment took effect (1914), including replacement Senators, (except those appointed by the Governor). 5. Appointed by Governor to fill vacancy (applicable only to Senators). 9. MD ............................................................... V43 OCCUPANCY MD=99 LOC 90 WIDTH 2 Occupancy in the Congress of Record ----------------------------------- To reconstruct a Congress as it was first configured and exclude replacement members use this variable as a filter, including only those members coded 0, 1, 6, 7, 9, 11, or 21 -- first or only occupant of the seat during the Congress. 00. Only occupant of the seat during the Congress. Members elected (or appointed) as replacements are also coded 0 if the originally-elected Member was not seated in the Congress of Record, i.e., died or resigned between election day and the day Congress assembled. Members who died or resigned and were not replaced were coded '0'. 01. First occupant of the seat. If a Representative or Senator was seated in the Congress and subsequently died, resigned or lost a contested election and was replaced, he/she was assigned code value '1'. 02. Second occupant of the seat in the Congress. 03. Third occupant of the seat in the Congress. 04. Fourth occupant of the seat in the Congress. 05. Elected but not seated, including those replacements who were not sworn in before Congress adjourned, and those who died or resigned before Congress assembled. MEMBERS SEATED TWICE IN THE SAME CONGRESS (use of these codes was discontinued after 100th Congress) 06. Only occupant of the same seat during the Congress. 07. First and subsequent occupant of the same seat during the Congress. 08. Second and subsequent occupant of the same seat during the Congress. 09. First occupant of the seat; subsequently occupant of a different seat during the Congress. 10. Second occupant of the seat; subsequently occupant of a different seat during the Congress. MEMBERS WHO CHANGED THEIR POLITICAL PARTY AFFILIATION (use of these codes began with the 101st Congress) 11. First party represented as the only occupant of the seat; subsequently represented a second party in the same seat in the Congress. 12. Second party represented as the only occupant of the seat; previously represented a different party in the same seat in the Congress. MEMBERS SEATED TWICE IN THE SAME CHAMBER (use of these codes began with the 101st Congress) 21. First occupant of the seat; subsequent occupant of a different seat. 29. Third occupant of the seat; previous occupant of a different seat. 99. MD ............................................................... V44 TERMINATION OF SERVICE MD=9 LOC 92 WIDTH 1 Termination of Service ---------------------- This variable documents for the Congress of Record, 1st - 104th Congresses, whether the member was elected to/served in the next or in subsequent Congresses or, for the 104th Congress, whether the member was still serving in the 104th. To access only the final record for a member, use this variable as a filter, including only those members coded 5 or 6-- member did not subsequently serve or was still serving in the 104th Congress. SEE NOTE 1 IN THE APPENDIX 0. Member served in the next Congress in the same chamber. 1. Member's subsequent service was in the same chamber but not in the Congress following the Congress of Record. 2. Member served in the next Congress but in the other chamber. 3. Member's subsequent service was in the other chamber but not in the Congress following the Congress of Record. 4. Member's subsequent service was in the same Congress but in the other chamber. 5. Member did not subsequently serve in Congress (as of the 104th Congress). 6. Member was still serving in the 104th Congress. 7. Member's subsequent service was in the same seat in the same Congress but representing a different political party. 8. Member's subsequent service was in the same chamber of the same Congress but in a different seat 9. MD ............................................................... V45 1ST CNGS ELECTED MD=-1 LOC 93 WIDTH 3 Congress to Which First Elected or Appointed -------------------------------------------- The actual Congress number is coded here. -1. MD ............................................................... V46 YR FIRST ELCTD CONG MD=-1 LOC 96 WIDTH 3 Year First Elected to Congress ------------------------------ This is a three digit variable that gives the year first elected to Congress. The leading '1' has been deleted from the date. The assumption was made that all Congresses were elected in the even numbered year preceding their assembly. For example, a member first elected to the 100th Congress -- 1/3/87 - 1/3/89 -- would be coded '986' since that was the year of election. Replacements would be coded for their first year of election as well. Variables V84-V86 document the month, day, and year a Member's service actually began in the Congress of Record. -1. MD ............................................................... V47 YR LAST SVD CONG MD=-1 OR GE 999 LOC 99 WIDTH 3 Last Full Year of Service in Congress ------------------------------------- This is a three-digit variable that specifies the last year a member served in Congress. The value is the last three digits of the year, the leading '1' being deleted (i.e., '879' for 1879). Variables V87-V89 document the month, day, and year that service ended in the Congress of Record. For members who leave Congress after completing the term, the value for this variable is the year prior to that in which the Congress of Record ended. For members who leave Congress midterm (i.e., without completing the term), the value is the year in which the member left Congress. If a member retires, for example, at the end of a Congress (1/3/91), the member's record (and all previous records) would be coded 990. If a member leaves midterm (5/24/89), the member's records would be coded 989. 999. INAP., Active member still serving in Congress -01. MD ............................................................... V48 TTL YRS SVD CONG MD=-1 OR GE 99 LOC 102 WIDTH 2 Total Number of Years Served in Congress ---------------------------------------- This variable documents, for inactive members, the total number of years actually served in Congress. If service was interrupted, the inactive year(s) between active periods are not counted. V92, V95 and V97 document tenure and cumulative congressional service at the beginning and end of the Congress of Record. All fractions are rounded up to the next year. 99. INAP., Active member still serving in Congress -1. MD ............................................................... V49 WHY LEFT CONG LAST TIME MD=-1 OR GE 9 LOC 104 WIDTH 2 Reason for Leaving Congress for the Last Time --------------------------------------------- 00. Unknown 01. Either defeated in a general election, unseated, losing a contested election, or having an election declared void 02. Was not renominated or lost in the primary 03. Died in office 04. Either did not seek reelection, retired, or not a candidate for renomination 05. Sought other elective office 06. Accepted Federal Office 08. Either resigned, withdrew, or was expelled 09. INAP., still serving in Congress -1. MD ............................................................... V50 FIRST HSE SVD MD=0 OR LE -1 LOC 106 WIDTH 3 First House in Which Member Served ---------------------------------- This variable records the number of the Congress (83rd Congress, 84th Congress, etc.) in which the Members' first service in the House of Representatives occurred. 000. INAP., Member has not served in the House of Representatives -01. MD ............................................................... V51 FST HSE-SCND CNTG SVCE MD=0 OR LE -1 LOC 109 WIDTH 3 First House in Which the Member Served, Contiguous to the Congress of Record --------------------------------------------------------- This variable records the Congress number contiguous to the Congress of Record in which the Member's first service in the House of Representatives occurred up to and including the Congress of Record. It is useful for identifying and examining the records of Members whose House service has been interrupted. If the Member's House service has not been interrupted, the value for this variable is the same as that for v50. If the Member's House service has been interrupted, this would be shown in the different values of v50 and V51. V51 would indicate the Congress in which the Member returned to the House. For example, if a Member served in the House in the 34th through 38th Congresses, the Member's record for each Congress served in would be coded '34' since service was never interrupted. If a Member served in the 94th and 95th House, had no service in the 96th, and was re-elected to the 97th-99th Houses, he/she would be coded '94' in the 94th-95th records and '97' in the 97th-99th records. 000. INAP., Member did not serve in the House of Representatives prior to or including the Congress of Record. -01. MD ............................................................... V52 YR FIRST ELCTD HOUSE MD=0 OR LE -1 LOC 112 WIDTH 3 Year Elected to House for the First Time ---------------------------------------- This is a three-digit variable that gives the year first elected to the House. The leading '1' has been deleted from the date. The assumption was made that all Houses were elected in the even numbered year preceding their assembly. For example, a Member first elected to the 100th House -- 1/3/87 - 1/3/89 -- would be coded '986' since that was the year of the election. Replacements would be coded for their first year of election as well. Variables V84-V86 document the month, day, and year a Member's service actually began in the Congress of Record. 000. INAP., The Member has not served in the House of Representatives -01. MD ............................................................... V53 YR LAST SVD HOUSE MD=-1 OR GE 998 LOC 115 WIDTH 3 Last Full Year of Service in House of Representatives ----------------------------------------------------- This three digit variable specifies the last year a Member served in the House of Representatives. The value given for this variable is the last three digits of the year (i.e., 897 for 1897). For members who leave Congress after completing the term, the value for this variable is the year prior to that in which the Congress of Record ended. For members who leave Congress midterm (i.e., without completing the term), the value is the year in which the member left Congress. If a member retires, for example, at the end of a Congress (1/3/91), the member's record (and all previous records) would be coded 990. If a member leaves midterm (5/24/89), the member's records would be coded 989. 998. INAP., Has not served in the House. 999. INAP., still serving in the House -01. MD ............................................................... V54 TTL YRS SVD HOUSE MD=-1 OR GE 99 LOC 118 WIDTH 2 Total Number of Years Served in the House of Representatives ------------------------------------------------------------ This variable takes into account all years of House service (includes non-contiguous service) for Members who are no longer active in the House. All fractions are rounded up to the next full year. For active members, cumulative House service at the beginning and end of the Congress of Record is documented in variables V93 and V96. 00. Has not served in the House 99. INAP., Still serving in the House -1. MD ............................................................... V55 WHY LEFT HOUSE LAST TIME MD=0 OR LE -1 LOC 120 WIDTH 2 Reason for Leaving the House for the Last Time ---------------------------------------------- 00. INAP., the Member served only in the Senate 01. Either defeated in a general election, unseated, losing a contested election, or having an election declared void 02. Was not renominated or lost in the primary 03. Died in office 04. Either did not seek reelection, retired, or not a candidate for renomination 05. Sought other elective office 06. Accepted Federal Office 07. Elected or appointed to Senate 08. Either resigned, withdrew, or was expelled 09. Still serving in House 10. Due to illness, seat declared vacant -1. MD ............................................................... V56 TTL YRS HOUSE/PRE-SNTE MD=-1 OR GE 99 LOC 122 WIDTH 2 Total Years Served in the House Prior to Entering Senate -------------------------------------------------------- This variable is a two digit code for Senators who had House service prior to their entering the Senate. A member who served first in the House, next in the Senate, and then again in the House has only the years of House service before entering the Senate coded. All fractions are rounded up to the next full year. 00. Senators with no House service or inactive Representatives with no Senate service 99. INAP., active Representative still serving in the House -1. MD ............................................................... V57 FST SNTE SVD MD=0 OR LE -1 LOC 124 WIDTH 3 First Senate in Which Member Served ----------------------------------- This variable records the number of the Congress in which the Member's first service in the Senate occurred, up to and including the Congress of Record. 000. INAP., Member has not served in the Senate -01. MD ............................................................... V58 FST SNTE-SCND CNTG SVCE MD=0 OR LE -1 LOC 127 WIDTH 3 First Senate in Which Member Served, Contiguous to Congress of Record ----------------------------------------------------------- This variable records the Congress number contiguous to the Congress of Record in which the Member's first service in the Senate occurred up to and including the Congress of Record. It is useful for identifying and examining the records of Members whose Senate service has been interrupted. If the Member's Senate service has not been interrupted, the value for this variable is the same as that for V57. If the Member's Senate service has been interrupted, this would be shown in the different values of V57 and V58. V58 would indicate the Congress in which the Member returned to the Senate. For example, if a Member served in the Senate in the 34th through 39th Congresses, the Member's record for each Congress served in would be coded '34' since service was never interrupted. If a Member served in the 94th through 96th Senates, was not re-elected to the 97th, and subsequently was elected/appointed to the 100th Senate, he/she would be coded '94' in the 94-96th records and '100' in the 100th and any subsequent records. One exception to different values in V57 and V58 indicating interrupted service is for Senators with prior House service. For example, a member who served in the 89th through 92nd House, and won election to the Senate for the term starting in the 93rd Congress, the 89th-92nd records would be coded '0' for this variable, while the 93rd and any subsequent records would be coded '93'. 000. INAP., Member did not serve in the Senate prior to and including the Congress of Record. -01. MD ............................................................... V59 YR FIRST ELCTD SENATE MD=0 OR LE -1 LOC 130 WIDTH 3 Year First Elected to the Senate -------------------------------- This is a three digit variable that gives the year first elected to Senate. The leading '1' has been deleted from the date. The assumption was made that all Senates were elected in the even numbered year preceding their assembly. For example, a Member first elected to the 100th Senate -- 1/3/87 - 1/3/89 -- would be coded '986' since that was the year of election. Replacements would be coded for their first year of election as well. Variables V84-V86 document the month, day and year a Member's service actually began in the Congress of Record. 000. INAP., Member has not served in the Senate -01. MD ............................................................... V60 YR LAST SVD SENATE MD=-1 OR GE 998 LOC 133 WIDTH 3 Last Full Year of Service in the Senate --------------------------------------- This is a three digit variable that indicates the last year a Member served in the Senate. The last three digits of the year are coded (i.e., 897 for 1897) For members who leave Congress after completing the term, the value for this variable is the year prior to that in which the Congress of Record ended. For members who leave Congress midterm (i.e., without completing the term), the value is the year in which the member left Congress. If a member retires, for example, at the end of a Congress (1/3/91), the member's record (and all previous records) would be coded 990. If a member leaves midterm (5/24/89), the member's records would be coded 989. 998. INAP., Member has not served in the Senate 999. INAP., Member is still serving in the Senate -01. MD ............................................................... V61 TTL YRS SVD SENATE MD=-1 OR GE 99 LOC 136 WIDTH 2 Total Number of Years Served in the Senate ------------------------------------------ This variable takes into account all years of Senate service (includes non-contiguous service) for Members who are no longer active in the Senate. All fractions are rounded up to the next full year. For active Senators, cumulative service at the beginning and end of the Congress of Record is documented in V94 and V97. 00. Member has not served in the Senate 99. INAP., Member is still serving in the Senate -1. MD ............................................................... V62 WHY LEFT SENATE LAST TIM MD=0 OR LE -1 LOC 138 WIDTH 2 Reason for Leaving the Senate for the Last Time ----------------------------------------------- 00. INAP., Unknown or served only in the House 01. Either defeated in a general election, unseated, losing a contested election, or having an election declared void 02. Was not renominated or lost in the primary 03. Died in office 04. Either did not seek reelection, retired, or not a candidate for renomination 05. Sought other elective office 06. Accepted Federal Office 07. Elected to the House 08. Either resigned, withdrew, or was expelled 09. Still serving in Senate -1. MD ............................................................... V63 NO. CONG.SVD-HSE MD=-1 LOC 140 WIDTH 2 Cumulative Number of Terms Served in the House--Excluding Terms Not Seated --------------------------------------------------------- This variable indicates the number of Houses in which the Member served, up to and including this House. A Congress to which a Member was elected but not seated (V43 coded '5') is not counted in the total. The prior service variables (V63 and V64) are current for the House and Senate up to and including the Congress of Record. A Member's service in a chamber is coded '00' until the Congress in which he/she actually begins serving in that chamber. See V99 for an analogous variable that is the count of all Houses to which the Member was elected, including those in which Member was not seated. 00. Member was not seated in or elected to the House prior to or in the Congress of Record. -1. MD ............................................................... V64 NO. CONG. SVD-SNTE MD=-1 LOC 142 WIDTH 2 Cumulative Number of Senates Served--Excluding Terms Not Seated -------------------------------------------------------- Number of Senates that the Member served, up to and including this Senate. A Congress for which a Member was elected but not seated (V43 coded '5') is not counted in the total see V63). See V100 for an analogous variable that includes all Senates, regardless of whether the Senator was sworn in. 00. Member was not elected and seated in the Senate prior to or in the Congress of Record. -1. MD ............................................................... V65 FIRST OCC PST-CNG MD=-1 OR GE 99 LOC 144 WIDTH 2 First Major Non-Public Service Occupation Subsequent to Service in Congress ------------------------------------------------------- 00. Either none mentioned in BDAC or other sources, unknown, or no non-public service. 01. Retired 02. Secondary School Teacher 03. High School Administrator 04. College Administrator 05. College Professor 10. Lawyer 11. Doctor/Dentist/Veterinarian 12. Journalist/Publisher 13. Minister/Priest 14. Architect/Urban Planner 15. Librarian 16. Accountant/Economist 17. Engineer 18. Social Worker 19. Mortician 20. Actor 21. Professional Athlete 30. Soldier 31. Surveyor 40. Radio and Television 41. Public Relations, Lobbyist 42. Advertising 43. Salaried Political Party Officer 50. Business (Transportation) 51. Business (Investments) 52. Business (Contractor) 53. Business (Manufacturer) 54. Business (Agriculture/Farming) 55. Business (Banking) 56. Business (Retailing) 57. Business (Mining/Petroleum) 58. Business (Real Estate) 59. Business (Insurance) 60. Business (Unspecified) 62. Charity Organizer 69. Tailor 70. Laborer 71. Union Officer 72. Slave 80. Author 90. Hospital Administrator 98. Died in office 99. INAP., Still serving in Congress -1. MD ............................................................... V66 FST N-J MUN OFC PST-CONG MD=-1 OR GE 99 LOC 146 WIDTH 2 First Municipal Office Held Subsequent to Service in Congress ---------------------------------------------------- 00. None mentioned in BDAC or in other sources or unknown 01. City Treasurer 02. City Council 03. Mayor 04. School Commissioner/School Board 05. Commissioner 06. City Clerk 07. Borough President 93. Board Member or Selectman 94. Civil Servant 95. Assessor 96. Justice of the Peace 97. City Attorney 99. INAP., Still serving in Congress -1. MD ............................................................... V67 FST N-J MUN PST CLLPS MD=-1 OR GE 2 LOC 148 WIDTH 2 Collapsed Version of First Municipal Office Subsequent to Congress --------------------------------------------------------- 00. No service in a municipal office mentioned in BDAC or in other sources or unknown 01. Some municipal office was held 02. INAP., Still serving in Congress -1. MD ............................................................... V68 ANY MUN POST CLLPS MD=-1 OR GE 2 LOC 150 WIDTH 2 Any Municipal Office Held Subsequent to Service in Congress ----------------------------------------------------------- 00. No service in a municipal office was mentioned in BDAC or in other sources or unknown 01. Some service in a municipal office, including municipal judgeship 02. INAP., Still serving in Congress -1. MD ............................................................... V69 FST N-J CTY OFC PST-CONG MD=-1 OR GE 99 LOC 152 WIDTH 2 First Non-Judicial County Office Held Subsequent to Service in Congress ----------------------------------------------------------- 00. None mentioned in BDAC or in other sources or unknown 01. County Attorney, Prosecuting Attorney 02. Clerk 03. Sheriff 04. Commissioner 05. Register of Deeds 06. Assessor 07. Auditor 08. Treasurer 09. Surveyor 10. Coroner 11. Superintendent of Schools 12. Probation Officer 13. Public Administrator 94. Board Member 95. Civil Servant 96. Surrogate 97. Probation Officer 98. Jail Inspector 99. INAP., still serving in Congress -1. MD ............................................................... V70 ANY MUN PST-CN CLLPS MD=-1 OR GE 2 LOC 154 WIDTH 2 Collapsed Version of First Non-Judicial County Subsequent to Service in Congress ------------------------------------------------------------ 00. No holding of a county office mentioned in BDAC or or in other sources or unknown 01. Some county office was held 02. INAP., still serving in Congress -1. MD ............................................................... V71 ANY CTY PST-CN CLLPS MD=-1 OR GE 2 LOC 156 WIDTH 2 Any County Office Held Subsequent to Service in Congress -------------------------------------------------------- 00. No holding of a county office mentioned in BDAC or or in other sources or unknown 01. Some county office was held, including county judgeship 02. INAP., still serving in Congress -1. MD ............................................................... V72 ANY LOCAL OFC PST-CONG MD=-1 OR GE 2 LOC 158 WIDTH 2 Any Local Office Held Subsequent to Service in Congress ------------------------------------------------------- 00. No local office mentioned in BDAC or in other sources or unknown 01. Any local office 02. INAP., still serving in Congress -1. MD ............................................................... V73 FST N-J STA OFC PST-CONG MD=-1 OR GE 99 LOC 160 WIDTH 2 First Non-Judicial State Office Held Subsequent to Service in Congress ---------------------------------------------------------- 00. None or unknown 02. Representative (House) 03. Senator 04. Governor 05. Secretary of State 06. Auditor 07. Lt. Governor 08. Treasurer 09. Attorney General, Assistant Attorney General 10. Comptroller 11. Court Reporter 12. Hearing Examiner 84. Commissioner 85. Governor's Staff 86. Council Member 87. Civil Servant 88. Board Member 89. Legislative Clerk 90. Commissioner 91. Court Reporter 92. State Superintendent of Schools 93. Commissioner 94. University Regent or Trustee 95. Warden 96. District Attorney 98. Adjutant General 99. INAP., still serving in Congress -1. MD ............................................................... V74 FST N-J STA PST-CN CLLPS MD=-1 OR GE 2 LOC 162 WIDTH 2 Collapsed Version for First Non-Judicial State Office Subsequent to Service in Congress ----------------------------------------------------- 00. No state office mentioned in BDAC or in other sources or unknown 01. Some state office held. 02. INAP., still serving in Congress -1. MD ............................................................... V75 ANY STA PST-CN CLLPS MD=-1 OR GE 2 LOC 164 WIDTH 2 Any State Office Held Subsequent to Service in Congress ------------------------------------------------------- 00. No state office mentioned in BDAC or in other sources or unknown 01. Any state office, including state judgeship (coded '1' on V36). 02. INAP., still serving in Congress -1. MD ............................................................... V76 FST N-J FED OFC PST-CONG MD=-1 OR GE 99 LOC 166 WIDTH 2 First Federal Office Held Subsequent to Service in Congress ----------------------------------------------------------- 00. None mentioned in BDAC or in other sources or unknown 01. City Commandant 02. Food Administrator 03. President 05. Vice President 06. Territorial Delegate 07. Federal Staff (non Civil Service) 08. Delegate to International Assemblies 70. Cabinet Member Advisor 75. Congressional Staff 76. Customs Agent 77. Comptroller 78. Civil Servant 79. Administrator 80. Court Clerk 81. Commissioner 82. Consul 83. Indian Agent 84. Cabinet Member 85. U.S. Attorney 86. Commissioner 87. Appraiser 88. Tax Collector 89. Postmaster 90. Presidential Advisor 91. Minister 92. House Clerk 93. Pension Agent 94. Ambassador 95. Land Registrar 96. Warden 97. Post Collector 98. Assistant Secretary, Acting Secretary 99. INAP., still serving in Congress -1. MD ............................................................... V77 FST N-J FED PST-CN CLLPS MD=-1 OR GE 2 LOC 168 WIDTH 2 Collapsed Version of First Federal Office Held Subsequent to Service in Congress ------------------------------------------------------------ 00. No Federal Office mentioned in BDAC or in other sources or unknown 01. Some Federal Office held. 02. INAP., still serving in Congress -1. MD ............................................................... V78 ANY FED PST-CN CLLPS MD=-1 OR GE 2 LOC 170 WIDTH 2 Any Federal Office Held Subsequent to Service in Congress --------------------------------------------------------- 00. No Federal Office held or unknown 01. Any Federal Office held, including federal judgeships (coded 3, 5-9 in V79). 02. INAP., still serving in Congress -1. MD ............................................................... V79 FIRST JDL OFC PST-CONG MD=-1 OR GE 99 LOC 172 WIDTH 2 First Judicial Office Held Subsequent to Service in Congress ------------------------------------------------------------ 00. None mentioned in BDAC or in other sources or unknown 01. State 02. County 03. Federal District Court 04. Municipal 05. Customs Court 06. Tax Court and Court of Military Appeals 07. Claims Court 08. United States Supreme Court 09. United States Circuit Court 99. INAP., still serving in Congress -1. MD ............................................................... V80 FST JUD PST-CN CLLPS MD=-1 OR GE 2 LOC 174 WIDTH 2 Collapsed Version of First Judicial Office Held Subsequent to Service in Congress ---------------------------------------------------------- 00. No judicial office mentioned in BDAC or in other sources or none mentioned 01. Some judicial office held 02. INAP., still serving in Congress -1. MD ............................................................... V81 NUM LEVELS OF 5:PST-CONG MD=-1 OR GE 6 LOC 176 WIDTH 2 Number of Levels of Government Served in, Subsequent to Service in Congress - Five Possible Levels ------------------------------------------------------- There are five possible levels. This variable is obtained by counting the appropriate code values in V66, V70, V74, V77, and V80. 00. None 01. One 02. Two 03. Three 04. Four 05. Five 06. INAP., still serving in Congress -1. MD ............................................................... V82 NUM LEVELS OF 3:PST-CONG MD=-1 OR GE 4 LOC 178 WIDTH 2 Number of Levels of Government Served in, Subsequent to Service in Congress - Three Possible Levels ------------------------------------------------------- There are three possible levels. This variable is obtained by counting the code values in V72, V75, and V78. 00. None 01. One 02. Two 03. Three 04. INAP., still serving in Congress -1. MD ............................................................... V83 WHY LEFT THIS CONG NO MISSING DATA CODES LOC 180 WIDTH 2 Why Left This Congress ---------------------- This variable documents why the member left the Congress of record either at mid-term or at the end of the term, whichever is appropriate. 00. Won reelection or served in next Congress 01. Either defeated in general election, unseated, lost contested election, or election declared void 02. Defeated in primary 03. Died in office 04. Did not seek reelection, retired, or was not a candidate for renomination 05. Sought or accepted other office 06. Accepted Federal Office 07. Went to Senate 08. Resigned, withdrew, or expelled 09. INAP., still serving in Congress (104th Congress only) 10. Unknown 11. Continued to serve in the same seat but with a different political party affiliation 12. Switched to a different seat in the same chamber -1. MD ............................................................... V84 MONTH ENT MD=-1 LOC 182 WIDTH 2 Month Entered This Congress --------------------------- A two digit variable representing the month a Member's service began in the Congress of Record. If the month is unknown, '06' was entered. Missing data codes could result from an entry error. 01. January 02. February 03. March 04. April 05. May 06. June (or unknown) 07. July 08. August 09. September 10. October 11. November 12. December -1. MD ............................................................... V85 DAY ENTER MD=-1 LOC 184 WIDTH 2 Day Entered This Congress ------------------------- A two digit variable indicating the day of the month that a Member entered the Congress of Record. If the exact day is unknown, '15' was entered. Missing data could result from an entry error. The actual date is coded. 01. The first of the month 02. The second of the month . . 31. The thirty-first of the month -1. MD ............................................................... V86 YR ENTER MD=-1