AMERICAN PUBLIC OPINION AND U.S. FOREIGN POLICY, 1994 (ICPSR 6561)

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Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
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AMERICAN PUBLIC OPINION AND U.S. FOREIGN POLICY, 1994

6561

Chicago Council on Foreign Relations

Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research

Copyright ICPSR, 2000

May 15, 2000

SoftQuad XMetaL

National Science Foundation

SBR-9617813

Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research

May 15, 2000

ICPSR XML Version

Sanda Ionescu

Chicago Council on Foreign Relations. American Public Opinion and U.S. Foreign Policy, 1994 [Codebook file]. First ICPSR XML Version. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [producer and distributor], 2000.

http://webapp.icpsr.umich.edu/cocoon/DDI/SAMPLES/06561.xml

AMERICAN PUBLIC OPINION AND U.S. FOREIGN POLICY, 1994

6561

Chicago Council on Foreign Relations

The Gallup Organization

1995

Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research

1996

AMERICAN PUBLIC OPINION AND U.S. FOREIGN POLICY

This series of quadrennial studies was designed to investigate the opinions and attitudes of the general public and a select group of opinion leaders (or elites) on matters relating to United States foreign policy and to define the parameters of public opinion within which decision-makers must operate. For purposes of this series, opinion leaders are defined as individuals in positions of leadership in government, academia, business and labor, the media, religious institutions, special interest groups, and private foreign policy organizations. In two separate surveys, both general public and elite respondents are questioned regarding various foreign policy problems, such as the relationship between domestic and foreign policy priorities, the roles of various individuals and institutions in the creation of foreign policy, and the appropriate responses of the United States to actions by the (former) Soviet Union and other countries that vary from study to study. Other questions asked of both groups cover economic aid to other nations, military aid/selling military equipment to other nations, the role of the United States in world affairs, and the use of United States troops in other parts of the world. Respondents from the general public are also asked to rate various foreign countries and American and foreign leaders on a feeling-thermometer scale.

First ICPSR Version

Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research

Chicago Council on Foreign Relations. AMERICAN PUBLIC OPINION AND U.S. FOREIGN POLICY, 1994 [Computer file]. ICPSR version. Princeton, NJ: The Gallup Organization [producer], 1995. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 1996.

AMERICAN PUBLIC OPINION AND U.S. FOREIGN POLICY, 1994

6561

Chicago Council on Foreign Relations

The Gallup Organization

1995

Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research

1996

AMERICAN PUBLIC OPINION AND U.S. FOREIGN POLICY

This series of quadrennial studies was designed to investigate the opinions and attitudes of the general public and a select group of opinion leaders (or elites) on matters relating to United States foreign policy and to define the parameters of public opinion within which decision-makers must operate. For purposes of this series, opinion leaders are defined as individuals in positions of leadership in government, academia, business and labor, the media, religious institutions, special interest groups, and private foreign policy organizations. In two separate surveys, both general public and elite respondents are questioned regarding various foreign policy problems, such as the relationship between domestic and foreign policy priorities, the roles of various individuals and institutions in the creation of foreign policy, and the appropriate responses of the United States to actions by the (former) Soviet Union and other countries that vary from study to study. Other questions asked of both groups cover economic aid to other nations, military aid/selling military equipment to other nations, the role of the United States in world affairs, and the use of United States troops in other parts of the world. Respondents from the general public are also asked to rate various foreign countries and American and foreign leaders on a feeling-thermometer scale.

First ICPSR Version

Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research

Chicago Council on Foreign Relations. AMERICAN PUBLIC OPINION AND U.S. FOREIGN POLICY, 1994 [Computer file]. ICPSR version. Princeton, NJ: The Gallup Organization [producer], 1995. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 1996.

XIV. MASS POLITICAL BEHAVIOR AND ATTITUDES, C. Public Opinion on Political Matters, 1. United States

This study is part of a quadrennial series designed to investigate the opinions and attitudes of the general public and a select group of opinion leaders (or elites) on matters relating to foreign policy and to define the parameters of public opinion within which decision-makers must operate. Both general public and elite respondents were questioned regarding the biggest problems facing the United States today, spending levels for various federal government programs, the role of Congress in determining foreign policy, the impact of foreign policy on things such as prices and unemployment, and the Clinton Administration's handling of various problems, such as overall foreign policy, overall trade policy, immigration, and relations with Latin America, Japan, Russia, Cuba, Vietnam, and the Middle East. Other topics include government reactions to situations in Bosnia, North Korea, Haiti, Cuba, Rwanda, and the Middle East, the importance of various countries to America's vital interests, possible threats/adversaries to the United States in coming years, NATO and keeping troops in Western Europe, the military role of Japan and Germany, the economic unification of western Europe, the Israeli-Palestinian dispute, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), and the illegal drug problem. In addition, the elites were asked several questions about their political party affiliation and the strength of that affiliation. Demographic characteristics such as religious preference, marital status, employment status, household composition, education, age, Hispanic origin, race, sex, and income were gathered for the general population respondents only.

1994

General population: start October 7, 1994-General population: end October 25, 1994Elites: start October 26, 1994-Elites: end December 7, 1994

United States

individuals

Part 1: All people in positions of leadership in government, academia, business and labor, the media, religious institutions, special interest groups, and private foreign policy organizations. Part 2: Adults, aged 18 years and older, living in the United States, except those persons in institutions such as prisons or hospitals.

survey data

cross-section

The Gallup Organization

Part 1: Census of all opinion leaders defined by the universe. Part 2: National probability sample stratified by size of community and then by geographic region.  (link)

 (link)

face-to-face and telephone interviews

structured, with two open-ended questions (Q1-E and Q2-E for the elite respondents and Q2-GP and Q3-GP for the general population)

Part 2, General Population Data, contains a weight variable that should be used for all analyses.The weight variable for Part 2 has two implied decimal places. The weight variable appears in card 1, columns 13 through 15. This weight variable incorporates age, sex, education, region and income to ensure that the data reflect the national population.

Variables which have been "written in" in the codebook (e.g. the z variables appearing in every card, in columns 7-9 and 12-13) are undocumented. ICPSR is releasing this collection as received. Questions arising from the use of this data collection should be addressed to either the principal investigators at the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations, or the data producers at the Gallup Organization.

 (link)

 (link)

Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research

2 data files + machine-readable documentation (text)

3 files

Publications based on ICPSR data collections should acknowledge those sources by means of bibliographic citations. To ensure that such source attributions are captured for social science bibliographic utilities, citations must appear in footnotes or in the reference section of publications. The bibliographic citation for this data collection is: Chicago Council on Foreign Relations. AMERICAN PUBLIC OPINION AND U.S. FOREIGN POLICY, 1994 [Computer file]. ICPSR version. Princeton, NJ: The Gallup Organization [producer], 1995. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 1996.

To provide funding agencies with essential information about use of archival resources and to facilitate the exchange of information about ICPSR participants' research activities, users of ICPSR data are requested to send to ICPSR bibliographic citations for each completed manuscript or thesis abstract. Please indicate in a cover letter which data were used.

The original collector of the data, ICPSR, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for uses of this collection or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.

• File Structure: rectangular

• Number of cases: 383

• No. of variables per record: approx 150

• Records per Case: 7

• Overall Number of Records: 2681

• Data Format: card-image

The original data collection instrument was composed of two forms. Respondents either answered questions in form A or form B. People who received questions from form A will have data in Card 5, column 70, and a blank in card 5, column 71. Those who answered form B will have a blank in card 5, column 70, and have data in card 5, column 71.

• File Structure: rectangular

• Number of cases: 1,492

• No. of variables per record: approx. 375

• Records per Case: 6

• Overall Number of Records: 8952

• Data Format: card-image

The original data collection instrument was composed of two forms. Respondents either answered questions in form A or form B. People who received questions from form A will have data in Card 5, column 70, and a blank in card 5, column 71. Those who answered form B will have a blank in card 5, column 70, and have data in card 5, column 71.

• DEMOGRAPHICS

Variables within DEMOGRAPHICS

• D1-E
• D2-E
• D3-E
• D4-E
• TITLE
• NAME
• ADDRESS
• CITY
• STATE
• ZIP CODE

DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION FOR THE RESPONDENTS FROM THE "ELITE" GROUP

All people in positions of leadership in government, academia, business and labor, the media, religious institutions, special interest groups, and private foreign policy organizations.

E Location:

Start: 1
End: 4
Record Segment No. 1

Notes: In Part 1, the Elite Data, the ID variable appears in columns 2-6, not 1-4 as described in the data collection instrument.

E Location:

Start: 32
End: 41
Record Segment No. 1

E Location:

Start: 42
End: 43
Record Segment No. 1

Location:

Start: 80
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 9

Notes: Variables located on cards 8 and 9 are not included in the ICPSR version of the data file

E Location:

Start: 29
End: 30
Record Segment No. 1

Notes: CODE FROM CALL RECORD SHEET

Notes: 62 REPRESENTS COMBINED RESPONDENTS IN CATEGORIES 3 AND 4 (BOTH PRESIDENT OR CHANCELLOR AND DEAN OR PROFESSOR

Location:

Start: 12
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: Hello, this is and I am with The Gallup organization in Princeton, New Jersey. Recently  name from call record card received a letter from George Gallup outlining a very important survey on behalf of the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations. I would like to make an appointment to interview  name from call record card Could I please speak to (him/her)?  

E Location:

Start: 13
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: (If code "5" or "6" in "Intro" ask:)  I realize that [you are/(name from call record card is]   very busy. Could you please refer me to  (appropriate substitute from below) who could help us with the study?  If code "01" in S1, say:) the person at the next highest level within your organization or congregation (If code "02" in S1, say:) another person in your company who would be equally involved with international business (If code "03" or "04" in S1, say:) a professor who is equally active in the instruction of American domestic policy, American foreign policy, or international studies (If code "05" or "06" in S1, say:) another senior officer at (name of special interest/foreign policy group from call record card), perhaps a vice- president or a co-director (if code "07" or "08" in S1, say;) (Senator or Representative name from call record card)'s legislative assistant who would be most responsible for foreign affairs (if code "09" in S1, say:) someone within (respondent's name from call record card)'s department, or in another area, who would be equally involved with the Clinton administration's affairs in the area of foreign and domestic policy (If code "10" in S1, say:) another senior officer of the union, perhaps a vice-president or co- director (If code "11", say:) someone else who plays a major role deciding which news stories will be included in your (newspaper/newscast) , preferably someone who is involved with international news  

Question: Please tell me (his/her) name and direct telephone number. (Record on call record sheet ) READ: If you have access to the letter from George Gallup, perhaps you could pass it along to this person so that they know a little bit about the nature of our study. Thank you for your help, and have a nice (day/afternoon). (Reset to "Intro")  

E Location:

Start: 15
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: when qualified respondent is reached continue: Hello, my name is __________________ , and I am with The Gallup Organization in Princeton, New Jersey. Recently, You received a letter from George Gallup outlining a survey regarding foreign policy, that we are conducting on behalf of the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations. You were selected for the elite portion of the study, because of the important role you play  appropriate from below Do you have about 18 minutes right now to participate in the study, or would you like to arrange an appointment?  (If code "01" in S1, say:) as a religious leader in the United States (If code "02" in S1, say:) in the international business conducted in the United States (If code "03" or "04" in S1, say:) as an educator in the United States (If code "05" or "06" in S1, say:). as an influencer of public opinion in the United States (If code "07" or "08" in S1, say:) representing public opinion in the United States (If code "09" in S1, say:) in the Clinton Administration (If code "10" in S1, say:) representing the American worker (If code "11" in S1, say:) determining the types of news stories which Americans are exposed to  

E Location:

Start: 16
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: If code "4" in "Intro" or code "3" in S4, say:  Hello, my name is _____________________ , and I am with The Gallup organization in Princeton, New Jersey. *We are conducting a study on behalf of the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations, on attitudes relating to foreign policy. You have been selected for the elite portion of the study because of the important role you play.  (appropriate from below) Results of the study will be sent to academic, government, and other institutions, and we will also send each respondent a copy of the results.  Do you have about 18 minutes right now to participate in the study, or would you like to arrange an appointment?  (If "Yes", say:)  Before we begin, I would like you to know that all respondents will remain anonymous, and the answers you give will be held in strict confidence.  (If code "01" in S1, say:) as a religious leader in the United States (If code "02" in S1, say:) in the international business conducted in the United States (If code "03" or "04" in S1, say:) as an educator in the United States (If code "05" or "06" in S1, say:) as an influencer of public opinion in the United States (If code "07" or "08" in S1, say:) representing public opinion in the United States (If code "09" in S1, say:) in the Clinton Administration. (If code "10" in S1, say:) representing the American worker (If code "11" in S1, say:) determining the types of news stories which Americans are exposed to  

E Location:

Start: 17
End: 18
Record Segment No. 5

Question: What do you feel are the two or three biggest problems facing the COUNTRY today?  Probe:  What else?  (link)   (Probe for three responses) (ENTER VERBATIM RESPONSES)   

Notes: Open ended

E Location:

Start: 19
End: 20
Record Segment No. 5

Question: What do you feel are the two or three biggest problems facing the COUNTRY today?  Probe:  What else?  (link)   (Probe for three responses) (ENTER VERBATIM RESPONSES)  

E Location:

Start: 21
End: 22
Record Segment No. 5

Question: What do you feel are the two or three biggest problems facing the COUNTRY today?  Probe:  What else?  (link)   (Probe for three responses) (ENTER VERBATIM RESPONSES)  

E Location:

Start: 23
End: 24
Record Segment No. 5

Question: What do you feel are the two or three biggest foreign policy problems facing the UNITED STATES today? Probe: What else?  (link)  (Probe for three responses) (ENTER VERBATIM RESPONSES)  

Notes: Open ended

E Location:

Start: 25
End: 26
Record Segment No. 5

Question: What do you feel are the two or three biggest foreign policy problems facing the UNITED STATES today? Probe: What else?  (link)  (Probe for three responses) (ENTER VERBATIM RESPONSES) 

E Location:

Start: 27
End: 28
Record Segment No. 5

Question: What do you feel are the two or three biggest foreign policy problems facing the UNITED STATES today? Probe: What else?  (link)  (Probe for three responses) (ENTER VERBATIM RESPONSES) 

E Location:

Start: 29
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: I am going to read a list of present federal government programs. For each, I would like you to tell me whether you feel it should be expanded (E) , cut back (CB) , or kept about the same (KAS) How about   (read and rotate A-I) AID TO EDUCATION 

E Location:

Start: 30
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: DEFENSE SPENDING 

E Location:

Start: 31
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: SOCIAL SECURITY 

E Location:

Start: 32
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: MILITARY AID TO OTHER NATIONS 

E Location:

Start: 33
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: ECONOMIC AID TO OTHER NATIONS 

E Location:

Start: 34
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: SPACE PROGRAM 

E Location:

Start: 35
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: HEALTH CARE 

E Location:

Start: 36
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: PROGRAMS TO COMBAT VIOLENCE AND CRIME 

E Location:

Start: 37
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: GATHERING INTELLIGENCE INFORMATION ABOUT OTHER COUNTRIES 

E Location:

Start: 38
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: In general, compared to the role of the President, do you feel that Congress is playing too strong a role in determining foreign policy, too weak a role, or about the right role?  

E Location:

Start: 39
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: ON THE WHOLE, do you favor or oppose our giving ECONOMIC aid to other nations?  

E Location:

Start: 40
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: IN PARTICULAR, do you think ECONOMIC aid to the following people or nations should be increased (I) , decreased (D) kept about the same (KAS) , or stopped altogether (SA) How about  (read and rotate A-G) EGYPT 

E Location:

Start: 41
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: RUSSIA 

E Location:

Start: 42
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: ISRAEL 

E Location:

Start: 43
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES 

E Location:

Start: 44
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: PALESTINIANS IN THE WEST BANK AND GAZA STRIP 

E Location:

Start: 45
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: AFRICAN COUNTRIES 

E Location:

Start: 46
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: NEWLY INDEPENDENT COUNTRIES IN EASTERN EUROPE 

E Location:

Start: 47
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: ON THE WHOLE, do you favor or oppose our government SELLING military equipment to other nations?  

E Location:

Start: 48
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: Do you think the United States plays a more important and powerful role as a world leader today compared to ten years ago, a less important role, or about as important a role as a world leader as it did ten years ago?  

E Location:

Start: 49
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: Please tell me whether in your estimation the following countries will play a greater (G) role or a lesser (L) role in the next ten years than they do today. (AS=About the same). How about   (read and rotate A-E) THE UNITED STATES 

E Location:

Start: 50
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: RUSSIA 

E Location:

Start: 51
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: JAPAN 

E Location:

Start: 52
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: GERMANY 

E Location:

Start: 53
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: CHINA 

E Location:

Start: 54
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: Do you think it will be best for the future of the country if we take an active part in world affairs, or if we stay out of world affairs?  

E Location:

Start: 55
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: How do you rate the Clinton administration's handling of the following problems? Would you say the administration's handling of  (read and rotate A-G)  has been excellent (E), good (G), fair (F), or poor (P)?   OVERALL FOREIGN POLICY 

E Location:

Start: 56
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: OVERALL TRADE POLICY 

E Location:

Start: 57
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: IMMIGRATION POLICY 

E Location:

Start: 58
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: RELATIONS WITH LATIN AMERICA 

E Location:

Start: 59
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: RELATIONS WITH JAPAN 

E Location:

Start: 60
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: RELATIONS WITH RUSSIA 

E Location:

Start: 61
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: THE MIDDLE EAST 

E Location:

Start: 62
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: How would you rate the response of the U.S. government to the following situations? Would you say the response to  (read and rotate A-F) was excellent (E), good (G), fair (F), or poor (P)?   THE WAR IN BOSNIA 

E Location:

Start: 63
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: THE POTENTIAL NUCLEAR THREAT FROM NORTH KOREA 

E Location:

Start: 64
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: THE SITUATION IN HAITI 

E Location:

Start: 65
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: THE SITUATION IN CUBA 

E Location:

Start: 66
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: THE SITUATION IN RWANDA 

E Location:

Start: 67
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: THE SITUATION IN THE MIDDLE EAST 

E Location:

Start: 68
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: Many people believe that the United States has a vital interest in certain areas of the world and not in other areas; that is, certain countries of the world are important to the U.S. for political, economic or security reasons. I am going to read a list of countries. For each, tell me whether you feel that the U.S. does (D) or does not (DN) have a vital interest in that country. How about  (read and rotate A-R, randomly selecting ONLY half of A-R) GERMANY 

E Location:

Start: 69
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: JAPAN 

E Location:

Start: 70
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: MEXICO 

E Location:

Start: 71
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: ISRAEL 

E Location:

Start: 72
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: CANADA 

E Location:

Start: 73
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: BRAZIL 

E Location:

Start: 74
Width: 1
Record Segment No. 5

Question: RUSSIA