DIRECTION OF TRADE, 1948-1978 (ICPSR 7628)

DIRECTION OF TRADE, 1948-1978

7628

INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

INTER-UNIVERSITY CONSORTIUM FOR POLITICAL AND SOCIAL RESEARCH

COPYRIGHT ICPSR, 2000

JULY 3, 2000

SOFTQUAD XMETAL

NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION

SBR-9617813

INTER-UNIVERSITY CONSORTIUM FOR POLITICAL AND SOCIAL RESEARCH

JULY 3, 2000

1

SANDA IONESCU

DIRECTION OF TRADE, 1948-1978

7628

International Monetary Fund

INTER-UNIVERSITY CONSORTIUM FOR POLITICAL AND SOCIAL RESEARCH

1979

OSIRIS

INTER-UNIVERSITY CONSORTIUM FOR POLITICAL AND SOCIAL RESEARCH

1979

1

Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research

International Monetary Fund. DIRECTION OF TRADE, 1948-1978 [Computer file]. 1st ICPSR ed. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter- university Consortium for Political and Social Research [producer and distributor], 1979.

DIRECTION OF TRADE, 1948-1978

7628

International Monetary Fund

Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research

1979

INTER-UNIVERSITY CONSORTIUM FOR POLITICAL AND SOCIAL RESEARCH

1979

1

Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research

International Monetary Fund. DIRECTION OF TRADE, 1948-1978. [Computer file]. 1st ICPSR Ed. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter- university Consortium for Political and Social Research [producer and distributor], 1979.

ECONOMIC ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOR, EXPORTS, FINANCIAL AFFAIRS, GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES, GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT, IMPORTS, NATIONS, INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

IV. Economic Behavior and Attitudes;, C. Historical and Contemporary Economic Processes and Indicators

These data are a subset created by the ICPSR from the Direction of Trade (DOT) dataset prepared and distributed by the International Monetary Fund. They consist of only the annual time series on the distribution of all countries' exports and imports by partner countries. Data are provided for 220 countries and geographical areas, with the earliest entries beginning in 1948. The time series include data estimates derived from the reports of partner countries for non-reporting and slow-reporting countries. All series are expressed in millions of U.S. dollars. Data originally reported in national currencies are converted by the IMF with the exchange rates (line rf) published in the IMF's International Financial Statistics. All exports are valued f.o.b. and all imports c.i.f. (with a 10 percent adjustment for those countries reporting imports f.o.b.). The data are ordered by ascending subject country code (V1) and within each country they are grouped by trade code (V3), first exports, then imports. Within each trade type the time series are organized by ascending partner country code (V2). Each time series, or subject country/trade type/partner country combination, is a single case. For example, the data potentially contain each of the following four cases: 1) exports from Canada to France, 2) imports by Canada from France, 3) imports by France from Canada, and 4) exports from France to Canada. Every pair of countries, however, may not always have four entries. The user should also note that countries have data covering a variety of time spans with the maximum span being 1948-1978. Note that while sometimes series begin in 1948, other may begin as late as 1970. User's should consult the IMF's Direction of Trade publication if they wish to determine which data have been derived from partner country data. See Direction of Trade, International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C., March 1979.

1948-1978

1948-1978

 (link)

Data are provided for 220 countries and geographical areas  (link)

COUNTRY  (link)

COUNTRY  (link)

220 countries and geographical areas

AGGREGATE DATA

The term ''country,'' as used in this dataset, does not in all cases refer to a territorial entity that is a state as understood by international law and practice. The term also covers some territorial entities that are not states but for which statistical data are maintained and provided internationally on a separate and independent basis.

time-series

International Monetary Fund

yearly

Central bank reports and bulletins, IMF area departments, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, International Labor Organization, IMF Treasurer's Department, the United Nations, the National Bureau of Economic Research, and information from national authorities.

In preparing this subset of annual time series from the DOT dataset the ICPSR converted the data from zoned decimal storage mode to standard character numeric storage mode. The original zoned decimal version of these data which contains monthly and quarterly data in addition to the annual data continues to be available from ICPSR. This version, as obtained from the IMF, requires the use of a special COBOL processing program, which ICPSR supplies, on a special program written by the user. These data were processed for ICPSR distribution by B. Ruth Montgomery and William K. Domke.

Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research

1 data file in card-image format + 1 OSIRIS data file + 1 OSIRIS data dictionary + machine-readable documentation

4

Publications based on ICPSR data collections should acknowledge those sources by means of bibliographic citations. To ensure that such source attributions are captured for social science bibliographic utilities, citations must appear in footnotes or in the reference section of publications. The bibliographic citation for this data collection is: International Monetary Fund. DIRECTION OF TRADE, 1948-1978 [Computer file]. 1st ICPSR Ed. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter- university Consortium for Political and Social Research [producer and distributor], 1979.

To provide funding agencies with essential information about use of archival resources and to facilitate the exchange of information about ICPSR participants' research activities, users of ICPSR data are requested to send to ICPSR bibliographic citations for each completed manuscript or thesis abstract. Please indicate in a cover letter which data were used.

The original collector of the data, ICPSR, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for uses of this collection or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.

Direction of Trade, International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C., March 1979.

• File Structure: rectangular

• Number of cases: 40,026

• No. of variables per record: 37

• Logical Record Length: 80

• Records per Case: 4

• Overall Number of Records: 160,104

• Type of File: raw data

• Data Format: card-image  (link)

The card-image file contains 4 decks per case in a format based on 80-column punched cards. Each case consists of a subject country/trade type/partner country combination (e.g., exports from Canada to France is one case, imports by Canada from France is another, and imports by France from Canada is yet another). The data are sorted with subject country (V1) as the major sort field, trade code (V3) as the second sort field, and partner country (V2) as the third sort field. In the card-image file all decks for each case are together in ascending order.

• File Structure:

• Number of cases: 40,026

• No. of variables per record: 37

• Logical Record Length: 230

• Records per Case: 1

• Overall Number of Records: 40,026

• Type of File: raw data

• Data Format: Logical Record Length  (link)

• Software: OSIRIS

There are two components in the OSIRIS dataset: the OSIRIS dictionary and the OSIRIS data file. The OSIRIS dictionary gives the variable name and number, tape location, width, and missing data values for each variable in the OSIRIS data file. The dictionary is used in conjunction with the OSIRIS software package. The OSIRIS data file has a logical record length of 230 characters. It can also be accessed directly by software packages which do not use the OSIRIS dictionary by specifying the tape locations for the desired variables.

• IMF COUNTRY CODE
• PARTNER COUNTRY CODE
• TRADE CODE
• DECIMAL PLACES
• 1948 YEARLY DATA
• 1949 YEARLY DATA
• 1950 YEARLY DATA
• 1951 YEARLY DATA
• 1952 YEARLY DATA
• 1953 YEARLY DATA
• 1954 YEARLY DATA
• 1955 YEARLY DATA
• 1956 YEARLY DATA
• 1957 YEARLY DATA
• 1958 YEARLY DATA
• 1959 YEARLY DATA
• 1960 YEARLY DATA
• 1961 YEARLY DATA
• 1962 YEARLY DATA
• 1963 YEARLY DATA
• 1964 YEARLY DATA
• 1965 YEARLY DATA
• 1966 YEARLY DATA
• 1967 YEARLY DATA
• 1968 YEARLY DATA
• 1969 YEARLY DATA
• 1970 YEARLY DATA
• 1971 YEARLY DATA
• 1972 YEARLY DATA
• 1973 YEARLY DATA
• 1974 YEARLY DATA
• 1975 YEARLY DATA
• 1976 YEARLY DATA
• 1977 YEARLY DATA
• 1978 YEARLY DATA
• STUDY NUMBER
• VERSION NUMBER

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 8
End: 10
Record Segment No. 1

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 8
End: 10
Record Segment No. 2

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 8
End: 10
Record Segment No. 3

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 8
End: 10
Record Segment No. 4

OSIRIS Location:

Start: 1
Width: 3

Variable Text: THREE DIGIT NUMERIC COUNTRY CODE  (link)

Notes: THIS VARIABLE IDENTIFIES THE SUBJECT COUNTRY

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 11
End: 13
Record Segment No. 1

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 11
End: 13
Record Segment No. 2

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 11
End: 13
Record Segment No. 3

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 11
End: 13
Record Segment No. 4

OSIRIS Location:

Start: 4
Width: 3

Variable Text: THREE DIGIT NUMERIC TRADE PARTNER COUNTRY CODE  (link)

Notes: This variable refers to the trade partner of the subject country identified in Variable 1.  (link)

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 14
End: 14
Record Segment No. 1

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 14
End: 14
Record Segment No. 2

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 14
End: 14
Record Segment No. 3

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 14
End: 14
Record Segment No. 4

OSIRIS Location:

Start: 7
Width: 1

Variable Text: CODE IDENTIFYING DATA AS EXPORT OR IMPORT DATA

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 15
End: 15
Record Segment No. 1

OSIRIS Location:

Start: 8
Width: 1

Variable Text: DECIMAL PLACES TO BE APPLIED TO DATA VARIABLES  (link)

Notes: This variable indicates the decimal places to be applied to Data Variables 5-35. The number of decimal places range from 0 to 6.

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 16
End: 22
Record Segment No. 1

OSIRIS Location:

Start: 9
Width: 7

Notes: Variables V5-V35, identify the amount of trade that occurred between the subject country (V1) and its partner country (V2) in the year specified by the variable name. The trade amounts are always given in Millions of U.S. Dollars and decimal places are as specified in Variable 4. Variable 3, TRADE CODE, identifies whether the data are for the yearly total of exports from the subject country to the partner country, or for the yearly total of imports by the subject country from the partner country. Each datum is seven columns wide with the first column allocated for the algebraic sign. Positive numbers are assumed unless a quotation mark sign is given in the first column.

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 23
End: 29
Record Segment No. 1

OSIRIS Location:

Start: 16
Width: 7

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 30
End: 36
Record Segment No. 1

OSIRIS Location:

Start: 23
Width: 7

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 37
End: 43
Record Segment No. 1

OSIRIS Location:

Start: 30
Width: 7

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 44
End: 50
Record Segment No. 1

OSIRIS Location:

Start: 37
Width: 7

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 51
End: 57
Record Segment No. 1

OSIRIS Location:

Start: 44
Width: 7

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 58
End: 64
Record Segment No. 1

OSIRIS Location:

Start: 51
Width: 7

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 65
End: 71
Record Segment No. 1

OSIRIS Location:

Start: 58
Width: 7

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 72
End: 78
Record Segment No. 1

OSIRIS Location:

Start: 65
Width: 7

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 15
End: 21
Record Segment No. 2

OSIRIS Location:

Start: 72
Width: 7

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 22
End: 28
Record Segment No. 2

OSIRIS Location:

Start: 79
Width: 7

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 29
End: 35
Record Segment No. 2

OSIRIS Location:

Start: 86
Width: 7

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 36
End: 42
Record Segment No. 2

OSIRIS Location:

End: 93
Width: 7

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 43
End: 49
Record Segment No. 2

OSIRIS Location:

Start: 100
Width: 7

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 50
End: 56
Record Segment No. 2

OSIRIS Location:

Start: 107
Width: 7

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 57
End: 63
Record Segment No. 2

OSIRIS Location:

Start: 114
Width: 7

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 64
End: 70
Record Segment No. 2

OSIRIS Location:

Start: 121
Width: 7

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 71
End: 77
Record Segment No. 2

OSIRIS Location:

Start: 128
Width: 7

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 15
End: 21
Record Segment No. 3

OSIRIS Location:

Start: 135
Width: 7

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 22
End: 28
Record Segment No. 3

OSIRIS Location:

Start: 142
Width: 7

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 29
End: 35
Record Segment No. 3

OSIRIS Location:

Start: 149
Width: 7

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 36
End: 42
Record Segment No. 3

OSIRIS Location:

Start: 156
Width: 7

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 43
End: 49
Record Segment No. 3

OSIRIS Location:

Start: 163
Width: 7

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 50
End: 56
Record Segment No. 3

OSIRIS Location:

Start: 170
Width: 7

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 57
End: 63
Record Segment No. 3

OSIRIS Location:

Start: 177
Width: 7

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 64
End: 70
Record Segment No. 3

OSIRIS Location:

Start: 184
Width: 7

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 71
End: 77
Record Segment No. 3

OSIRIS Location:

Start: 191
Width: 7

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 15
End: 21
Record Segment No. 4

OSIRIS Location:

Start: 198
Width: 7

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 22
End: 28
Record Segment No. 4

OSIRIS Location:

Start: 205
Width: 7

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 29
End: 35
Record Segment No. 4

OSIRIS Location:

Start: 212
Width: 7

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 36
End: 42
Record Segment No. 4

OSIRIS Location:

Start: 219
Width: 7

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 3
End: 6
Record Segment No. 1

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 3
End: 6
Record Segment No. 2

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 3
End: 6
Record Segment No. 3

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 3
End: 6
Record Segment No. 4

OSIRIS Location:

Start: 226
Width: 4

Variable Text: THE ICPSR STUDY NUMBER

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 7
End: 7
Record Segment No. 1

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 7
End: 7
Record Segment No. 2

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 7
End: 7
Record Segment No. 3

CARD-IMAGE Location:

Start: 7
End: 7
Record Segment No. 4

OSIRIS Location:

Start: 230
Width: 1

Variable Text: THE ICPSR VERSION NUMBER